Table 3. Linear mixed model comparison of mean Parent vs. Child KINDL-R ratings across tumor groups.

KINDL-R Subscales	Child KINDL-R Mean (SD)	Parent KINDL-R Mean (SD)	p-valuea	Effect Size db
Physical
Brain Tumor	69.58(17.81)	76.94(18.93)	0.0018	0.45
Sibling	72.05(13.07)	81.94(13.26)	0.0002	0.70
Solid Tumor	77.84(13.54)	78.41(15.16)	0.8328	0.04
Emotional
Brain Tumor	74.03(16.43)	83.06(14.82)	0.0011	0.45
Sibling	75.87(16.10)	89.24(8.79)	<.0001	0.78
Solid Tumor	78.03(15.24)	87.31(7.57)	0.0040	0.56
Self-Esteem
Brain Tumor	55.69(25.21)	66.53(15.49)	0.0064	0.40
Sibling	61.11(20.65)	73.44(17.45)	0.0056	0.53
Solid Tumor	56.63(24.30)	72.16(12.31)	0.0009	0.56
Family
Brain Tumor	72.36(17.09)	79.44(15.80)	0.0195	0.33
Sibling	75.00(15.38)	75.87(12.78)	0.7954	0.05
Solid Tumor	77.27(17.80)	75.00(14.91)	0.5161	0.11
School
Brain Tumor	50.69(21.33)	70.42(17.29)	<.0001	0.89
Sibling	56.08(17.20)	77.95(14.68)	<.0001	1.13
Solid Tumor	56.44(19.98)	76.89(16.35)	<.0001	1.14
Friendship
Brain Tumor	63.89(23.15)	72.64(16.34)	0.0049	0.35
Sibling	74.83(18.21)	84.03(11.52)	0.0081	0.53
Solid Tumor	81.25(13.71)	84.47(9.52)	0.3681	0.19
Total
Brain Tumor	64.38(13.45)	74.84(12.15)	<.0001	0.66
Sibling	69.16(10.23)	80.41(7.35)	<.0001	1.05
Solid Tumor	71.24(11.87)	79.04(8.00)	0.0011	0.64

^aP-value denotes significant difference between parent and child ratings within each of the three study groups.

^bCohen's; $d=\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_1-{\mathrm{M}}_2}{{\text{SD}}_{\text{Pooled}}}$; Cohen (1988) classified effect sizes as small (d>.20), medium (d>.50), and large (d>.80).