Table 1.
Composition of common sepsis resuscitation fluids.
| Plasma | Crystalloid | Colloid | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Hydroxyethyl starch | Gelatin | |||||||||||||
| 0.9% sodium chloride | Ringer's lactate | Hartmann's solution | Plasma-Lyte | 4% albumin | 20% albumin | 10% (200/0.5) [Hemohes] | 6% (450/0.7) [Hextend] | 6% (130/0.4) [Voluven] | 6% (130/0.4) [Volulyte] | 6% (130/0.42) [Venofundin] | 6% (130/0.42) [Tetraspan] | 4% succinylated gelatin [Gelofusine] | 3.5% urea-linked gelatin [Maemaccel] | ||
| Sodium | 135–145 | 154 | 130 | 131 | 140 | 130-160 | 48-100 | 154 | 143 | 154 | 137 | 154 | 140 | 154 | 145 |
| Potassium | 4.5–5.0 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.1 | |||||||
| Calcium | 2.2–2.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 5.0 | 2.5 | ||||||||||
| Magnesium | 0.8–1.0 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.0 | ||||||||||
| Chloride | 94–111 | 154 | 109 | 112 | 98 | 128 | 19 | 154 | 124 | 154 | 110 | 154 | 118 | 120 | 145 |
| Acetate | 27 | 34 | 24 | ||||||||||||
| Lactate | 1–2 | 28 | 28 | 28 | |||||||||||
| Malate | 5.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Gluconate | 23 | ||||||||||||||
| Bicarbonate | 23–27 | ||||||||||||||
| Octanoate | 6.4 | 32.0 | |||||||||||||
| Osmolarity | 291 | 308 | 273 | 277 | 294 | 250 | 210-260 | 308 | 304 | 308 | 286 | 308 | 296 | 274 | 301 |
All values are given in mmol/liter except osmolarity which is in mOsm/liter. Electrolyte concentrations of intravenous fluid preparations may differ by manufacturer -- information is given for Hartmann's Solution (B. Braun Melsungen AG), Plasma-Lyte 148® (Baxter) and Albumex® 20 (CSL Behring). HES solutions are described with regard to their concentration (6-10%), mean molecular weight (70-480 kDa), and degree of molar substitution (range 0-1; tetrastarch 0.4, pentastarch 0.5, hexastrach 0.6).