Table 1.
Pairwise changes in body composition, hormones and lipids with intermittent energy restriction (IER) (n = 23 women)
| TP1a | TP2a | P 1 | TP3a | P 2 | P 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight, kg | 76.3 (9.1) | 73.0 (9.1) | <0.001 | 73.1 (9.4) | <0.001 | 0.019 |
| Body fat, kg | 27.9 (5.5) | 25.8 (5.7) | <0.001 | 25.4 (5.4) | <0.001 | 0.080 |
| Body fat, % | 36.7 (3.9) | 35.5 (4.4) | <0.001 | 34.8 (4.4) | <0.001 | 0.007 |
| Fat-free mass, kg | 47.8 (4.8) | 46.3 (4.7) | <0.001 | 47.1 (4.9) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Waist, cm | 95.6 (6.5) | 92.0 (7.5) | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Hips, cm | 108.1 (5.9) | 105.3 (6.1) | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Bust, cm | 100.6 (7.5) | 97.7 (7.5) | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.9 (0.4) | 4.7 (0.3) | 0.022 | 4.8 (0.5) | 0.2 | 0.654 |
| Insulin, mU/ml | 8.2 (3.3–24.1)b | 5.5 (2.2–17.1)b | <0.001 | 7.2 (2.7–16.4)b | 0.030 | |
| HOMA, mU/mmol/l | 1.8 (0.7–5.2)b | 1.2 (0.5–3.9)b | <0.001 | 1.5 (0.6–3.4)b | 0.04 | 0.036 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.2 (0.7) | 4.6 (0.7) | <0.001 | 4.5 (0.8) | <0.001 | 0.096 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.0 (0.5–2.7)b | 0.8 (0.5–1.8)b | 0.007 | 0.9 (0.5–1.9)b | 0.061 | 0.150 |
| HDL, cholesterol mmol/L | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | <0.001 | 1.3 (0.2) | 0.001 | 0.623 |
| LDL, cholesterol mmol/L | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.7) | 0.001 | 2.8 (0.7) | <0.001 | 0.020 |
a Mean (+SD) or b geometric mean (range) for values. Mean (SD) TP1 time point 1 at baseline, TP2 time point 2 after four to five weeks of the diet immediately after the two restricted days, TP3 time point 3 after four to five weeks of the diet after five days of ‘normal’ diet. P 1 paired t test comparing TP1 to TP2. P 2 paired t test comparing TP1 to TP3. P 3 paired t test comparing TP2 to TP3, HOMA homeostatic model assessment, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein.