Table 1.

Participant characteristics

			Men		Women		Total		p
			n	%	n	%	n	%
	Total		605	100.0	1149	100.0	1754	100.0
Mean age (SD) (years)			80.89 (7.39)		82.42 (6.95)				< .001	f
Age group (years)		65–74	127	21.0	160	13.9	287	16.4	< .001	e
		75–89	400	66.1	789	68.7	1189	67.8
		≥90	78	12.9	200	17.4	278	15.8
Level of dependencya	Low		341	56.4	774	67.4	1115	63.6	< .001	c
	Medium		264	43.6	375	32.6	639	36.4
Functional assessmentb	Cognitive impairment		319	52.7	631	54.9	950	54.2	.382	c
Comorbidity (ICD10)	Diabetes		50	8.3	96	8.4	146	8.3	.513
	Neurological disorders (except Alzheimer’s disease)		57	9.4	80	7.0	137	7.8	.043	c
	Hypertension		104	17.2	286	24.9	390	22.2	.294
	Heart disease		50	8.3	60	5.2	390	6.3	.009
	Cerebrovascular disease		200	33.1	204	17.8	404	23.0	< .001
	Respiratory disease		64	10.6	61	5.3	125	7.1	< .001
	Musculoskeletal connective tissue disorder		153	25.3	524	45.6	677	38.6	< .001
	Eye disease		11	1.8	27	2.3	38	2.2	.294	d
	Ear disease		7	1.2	14	1.2	21	1.2	.556
	Dementia		100	16.5	274	23.8	374	21.3	< .001	c

^aLevel of dependency (long-term care insurance)

^bFunctional assessment for cognitively impaired elders (long-term care insurance)

^c χ ² test

^dFisher’s exact test

^eMann-Whitney U test

^f t test