Table 1.
Characteristics of the 104 included Cincinnati census tracts and the 981 unique patients hospitalized between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013 from those tracts
| N (or median) | % (or IQR) | |
|---|---|---|
| Population-level characteristics (n=104 census tracts) | ||
| Asthma utilization rate (events per 1,000 children) | 28.0 | 17.1–37.5 |
| Violent crime rate (incidents per 1,000 individuals)* | 10.5 | 4.8–19.2 |
| All crime rate (incidents per 1,000 individuals)* | 118.7 | 70.0–163.0 |
| Poverty rate (%)** | 30.3 | 17.0–46.6 |
| Unemployment rate (%)** | 13.8 | 7.8–20.1 |
| Housing code violation density (per 1,000 units)† | 11.6 | 6.9–21.9 |
| Exposure to traffic-related air pollution†† | 0.43 | 0.33–0.66 |
| Patient-level characteristics (n=981 patients with index hospitalization) | ||
| Age | 4.7 | 2.6–8.3 |
| Male sex | 611 | 62.3 |
| Race | ||
| White | 110 | 11.2 |
| African American | 814 | 83.0 |
| Multiracial/Other | 57 | 5.8 |
| Insurance | ||
| Private | 127 | 13.2 |
| Public | 838 | 86.8 |
| Patients’ census tract violent crime rate (per 1,000 individuals)*‡ | ||
| Low | 90 | 9.2 |
| Low medium | 225 | 22.9 |
| High medium | 356 | 36.3 |
| High | 310 | 31.6 |
| Patients’ census tract all crime rate (per 1,000 individuals)*‡ | ||
| Low | 119 | 12.1 |
| Low medium | 222 | 22.6 |
| High medium | 384 | 39.1 |
| High | 256 | 26.1 |
*
Data obtained and calculated from 2011–2013 Cincinnati Police Department for the 104 included census tracts
**
Data obtained from 2009–2013 American Community survey for the 104 included census tracts
†
Data obtained and calculated from 2008–2012 Cincinnati Area Geographic Information System for the 104 included census tracts
††
Data obtained from validated land-use regression model
‡
Quartiles calculated so as to place 25% of census tracts in each grouping