Table 3.

Cox proportional hazards regression models assessing associations between census tract crime and patient-level asthma-related reutilization hazard

	Model 1 HR (95% CI)	Model 2 AHR (95% CI)*	Model 3 AHR (95% CI)**	Model 4 AHR (95% CI)†
Violent crime rate (per 1,000 individuals)
Low	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Medium low	1.25 (0.89, 1.76)	1.20 (0.82, 1.76)	1.03 (0.72, 1.46)	1.03 (0.70, 1.51)
Medium high	1.44 (1.05, 1.99)	1.37 (0.84, 2.25)	1.18 (0.80, 1.57)	1.21 (0.73, 1.99)
High	1.24 (0.90, 1.73)	1.23 (0.73, 2.04)	0.91 (0.64, 1.29)	1.05 (0.63, 1.76)
Crime rate (per 1,000 individuals)
Low	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Medium low	0.96 (0.71, 1.30)	0.83 (0.57, 1.20)	0.85 (0.62, 1.16)	0.82 (0.56, 1.18)
Medium high	1.33 (1.01, 1.75)	1.18 (0.80, 1.76)	1.10 (0.83, 1.47)	1.17 (0.78, 1.75)
High	1.06 (0.79, 1.42)	1.00 (0.65, 1.55)	0.85 (0.62, 1.15)	0.99 (0.63, 1.54)

^*Model 2 adjusts for significant population-level covariates (poverty, unemployment, housing code violation density)

^**Model 3 adjusts for patient-level covariates (age, sex, race, insurance)

^†Model 4 adjusts for both population- and patient-level covariates