Table 3.
The associations of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to cognitive control and academic achievement (N = 74; except for PCU, N = 72 and ANU, N = 71)
| Minimally adjusted | Partially adjusted | Fully adjusted | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors |
Model R2 |
Model P ANOVA |
B | 95% CI | P |
Model R2 |
Model P ANOVA |
B | 95% CI | P |
Model R2 |
Model P ANOVA |
B | 95% CI | P |
| Model 1: Incon Acc | .08 | .06 | .08 | .06 | .09 | .08 | |||||||||
| VO2max | .15 | −.14;.57 | .24 | ||||||||||||
| MVPA | −.07 | −.12;.07 | .57 | −.07 | −.12;.07 | .57 | −.12 | −.15;.05 | .33 | ||||||
| Model 2: Incon MRT1 | .01 | .71 | .13 | .02 | .13 | .04 | |||||||||
| VO2max | −.06 | −.00;.00 | .61 | ||||||||||||
| MVPA | .08 | .00;.00 | .51 | .06 | .00;.00 | .61 | .08 | .00;.00 | .51 | ||||||
| Model 3: Acc Interference | .02 | .48 | .14 | .02 | .18 | .01 | |||||||||
| VO2max | −.22† | −.48;.01 | .06 | ||||||||||||
| MVPA | −.12 | −.10;.03 | .30 | −.18 | −.12;.01 | .11 | −.10 | −.10;.04 | .43 | ||||||
| Model 4: MRT Interference2 | .02 | .46 | .02 | .46 | .05 | .31 | |||||||||
| VO2max | −.18 | −.08;.01 | .15 | ||||||||||||
| MVPA | −.13 | −.02;.01 | .26 | −.13 | −.02;.01 | .26 | −.06 | −.02;.01 | .62 | ||||||
| Model 5: OSPAN PCU3 | .00 | .89 | .21 | .00 | .22 | .01 | |||||||||
| VO2max | −.13 | −.01;.00 | .27 | ||||||||||||
| MVPA | −.05 | −.00;.00 | .66 | .03 | −.00;.00 | .77 | .09 | −.00;.00 | .48 | ||||||
| Model 6: OSPAN ANU | .02 | .53 | .07 | .18 | .07 | .27 | |||||||||
| VO2max | −.07 | −.01;.01 | .59 | ||||||||||||
| MVPA | −.08 | −.00;.00 | .54 | −.05 | −.00;.00 | .66 | −03 | −.00;.00 | .84 | ||||||
| Model 7: Spelling | .04 | .27 | .24 | .00 | .29 | .00 | |||||||||
| VO2max | −.23 | −.92;−.02 | .04 | ||||||||||||
| MVPA | −.10 | −.19;.08 | .41 | −.06 | −.15; 09 | .58 | .03 | −.11; .14 | .78 | ||||||
| Model 8: Reading | .04 | .22 | .38 | .00 | .39 | .00 | |||||||||
| VO2max | −.07 | −.49;.24 | .50 | ||||||||||||
| MVPA | −.15 | −.19;.04 | .20 | −.10 | −.14;.04 | .28 | −.08 | −.14; .06 | .46 | ||||||
| Model 9: Mathematics | .01 | .68 | .29 | .00 | .30 | .00 | |||||||||
| VO2max | −.11 | −.64; .21 | .31 | ||||||||||||
| MVPA | −.07 | −.17;.09 | .77 | −.03 | −.13;.09 | .77 | .01 | −.11; .13 | .90 | ||||||
Log transformed
Square root transformed
Only PCU and ANU scores were included, as load scores were highly correlated with unit scores.
Note. Incon Acc, incongruent accuracy on modified Eriksen flanker task37; Incon MRT, incongruent mean reaction time; PCU, partial credit unit score on working memory task (operation span task (OSPAN)39); ANU, all-or-nothing unit score on OSPAN.
Values are model R2’s, p values for model ANOVAs, standardized β and 95% CI. P values less than .05 are set in bold;
denotes a trend at p = .06. Analyses were conducted using multiple hierarchical regression models.
Minimally adjusted models were adjusted for accelerometer wear time.
Partially adjusted models were additionally adjusted for: birth weight (Model 2); ADHD (Model 4); age and IQ (Model 5); birth weight and IQ (Model 6); IQ (Models 7–9).
Fully adjusted models were adjusted as in partially adjusted models and additionally for aerobic fitness.