Table 2.
Summary of targets with possible clinical implication in PM of colorectal, ovarian, gastric and pancreatic cancer and PMP
| Target in PM | Prognostic relevance | Diagnostic relevance | Possible therapeutic implications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Integrins | Yes | Not clear | Promising |
| Higher expression of αvβ3 correlated to worse prognosis [30] | Antibodies against integrin α2 and β1 and ECM components [26–28, 30, 31, 33–47] | ||
| Peptide sequences of ECM components [26, 57, 60] | |||
| NF-κB inhibitor (DHMEQ) [48] | |||
| Phospholipids [49] | |||
| Adriamycin bound to SWKLPPS, intraperitoneal [61] | |||
| CD44 | Yes | Dubious [76, 78, 79] | Promising |
| Higher CD44 s expression correlated to worse survival [77, 78] | Antibodies against CD44 and CD44 s [28, 30, 44, 60, 64–70] | ||
| Hyaluronidase, intraperitoneal [28, 34, 64, 65] | |||
| Adhesion barriers [82, 87–89] | |||
| Cisplatin [84], paclitaxel [85] or campthotecin [86] bound to hyaluronan | |||
| VCAM1 | Not clear | Not clear | Dubious, blocking VCAM1 leads theoretically to less PM [42, 71] |
| ICAM1 | Not clear | Not clear | Dubious, blocking ICAM1 leads theoretically to less PM [42, 69, 73, 94, 96] |
| L1CAM | Dubious [100] | No [100] | Highly experimental |
| Antibodies [98] | |||
| 67Cu-radiotherapy combined with antibodies, intraperitoneal [101] | |||
| Blood group antigens | Yes | Yes | Highly experimental |
| CA19-9 levels in serum and peritoneal fluid [80, 103, 104, 108, 109, 111, 112, 116] | CA19-9 levels in serum and peritoneal fluid [103, 104, 108, 109, 113, 114, 117–120] | Antibodies against Lex [105] | |
| Blocking FUT3 [107] | |||
| MUC16 | Dubious [80, 127–129] | Yes | Highly experimental |
| MUC16 levels in serum and peritoneal lavage [113–115, 127, 128] | Antibodies [124] | ||
| MUC1 PT-PCR [132] | |||
| Blocking mesothelin [122, 123, 125] | |||
| Anti-MUC1 antibody (C595) combined with docetaxel [130] | |||
| EpCAM | Dubious [103, 140] | No [103, 140] | Promising |
| Bispecific antibodies EpCAM/CD3 [137] | |||
| Catuxomab monotherapy, intraperitoneal [138] | |||
| Chemokine receptors | Not clear | Not clear | Highly experimental |
| Antibodies against CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 [140] | |||
| ADM3100 [141] | |||
| uPAR | Not clear | Not clear | Highly experimental |
| Antibodies [55] | |||
| Beta ig-h3 | Not clear | Not clear | Highly experimental |
| Antibodies [143] |
The value of the adhesion molecules is regarded dubious when data on these molecules are severely contradictory or sufficient adequate data is lacking