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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Nephrol. 2016 Mar;36(2):87–93. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.02.001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The pathogenesis of iron dysregulation in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The diagram shows the hepcidin-stimulatory effects of inflammation and iron treatment, the hepcidin-increasing effect of decreased glomerular filtration rate, and the opposing suppressive effects of erythropoietin and erythroferrone on hepcidin production. Plasma hepcidin concentrations are usually high, decreasing ferroportin on cell membranes, and thus inhibiting duodenal iron absorption and diminishing iron availability for erythropoiesis. IL, interleukin.