Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 54) | Cardiac responders (n = 15) | Cardiac nonresponders (n = 39) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64 (55–73) | 66 (54– 78) | 63 (54–72) | 0.93 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 32 (59) | 8 (53) | 23 (59) | 0.73 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| COPD | 8 (15) | 3 (20) | 5 (13) | 0.67 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (15) | 2 (13) | 6 (15) | 1.0 |
| Hypertension | 23 (42) | 7 (47) | 16 (41) | 0.76 |
| Heart failure | 8 (15) | 5 (33) | 3 (8) | 0.03 |
| Cancer | 11 (20) | 4 (27) | 7 (18) | 0.47 |
| Nephrotoxic agents | ||||
| NSAIDs | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1.0 |
| ACE inhibitors | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 1.0 |
| Aminoglycosides | 9 (17) | 2 (13) | 7 (18) | 1.0 |
| Contrast media | 12 (22) | 16 (23) | 9 (23) | 1.0 |
| Organ failure | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 33 (42) | 10 (67) | 23 (59) | 0.77 |
| SAPS II score | 39 (30–48) | 38 (25–51) | 39 (30–48) | 0.92 |
| Norepinephrine, n (%) | 17 (31) | 6 (40) | 11 (28) | 0.52 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.8 (1.3–2.3) | 1.9 (0.9–2.8) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 0.39 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 12 (8–17) | 11 (7–15) | 13 (8–18) | 0.93 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 90 (56–124) | 117 (81–153) | 74 (49–99) | 0.22 |
| Bilirubin, mg/L | 7 (1–14) | 9 (5–13) | 7 (1–13) | 1.00 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 25 (22–28) | 21 (17–25) | 26 (23–29) | 0.06 |
| Platelet count, 103/L | 346 (201–491) | 207 (95–319) | 358 (215–501) | 1.00 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 9.4 (8.1–10.7) | 10.4 (8.4–12.4) | 9.1 (8.1–10.1) | 0.54 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 7.9 (7.0–8.8) | 7.9 (7.1–8.6) | 8.0 (6.9–9.1) | 0.73 |
| Reason for ICU admission | ||||
| Sepsis | 14 (26) | 2 (13) | 12 (31) | 0.3 |
| Neuro-ICU | 5 (9) | 2 (13) | 3 (8) | 0.61 |
| Respiratory failure | 13 (24) | 1 (7) | 12 (31) | 0.08 |
| Trauma/hemorrhage | 7 (13) | 2 (13) | 5 (13) | 1.0 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1.0 |
| Post-cardiac arrest | 4 (7) | 2 (13) | 2 (5) | 0.3 |
| Hemodynamic status | ||||
| SAP, mmHg | 134 (118–150) | 112 (104–120) | 138 (126–150) | 0.92 |
| MAP, mmHg | 81 (71–91) | 74 (67–81) | 87 (79–95) | 0.07 |
| HR, beats/minute | 98 (85–111) | 98 (82–114) | 96 (81–111) | 0.14 |
| CO, L/minute | 5.3 (2.8–7.8) | 4.9 (1.7–8.1) | 5.6 (3.3–7.9) | 0.07 |
| ScvO2, % | 75 (62–88) | 66 (54–78) | 85 (75–95) | 0.01 |
| CVP, mmHg | 8 (6–10) | 8 (7–9) | 7 (4–10) | 0.58 |
Abbreviations: ICU intensive care unit, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CAD coronary artery disease, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SAP systolic arterial pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, HR heart rate, CO cardiac output, CVP central venous pressure, ScvO 2 central venous oxygen saturation
Data are expressed as absolute number (percentage) or median (interquartile range)