Table 1.
Patients' demographics and clinical information.
| Patient | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, gender, handedness | 22M R | 29M R&L | 17F R | 38F R | 55M R |
| WAIS-R (VIQ, PIQ, TIQ) | 70, 78, 69 | 72, 78, 72 | 67, 76, 69 | 84, 97, 89 | 105, 99, 103 |
| WMS-R (Verbal, Visual, General, Attention, Delayed recall) | 99, 64, 87, 91, 82 | 99, 92, 97, 87, 83 | 51, <50, <50, 81, 56 | 75, 111, 83, 62, 53 | 71, 117, 84, 109, 72 |
| WAB | 95.6 | 96 | 97.2 | 98.5 | 98 |
| WADA test (Language) | Left | Bilateral | Left | Left | Left |
| Age of seizure onset | 16 | 10 | 12 | 29 | 55 |
| Seizure type | Non-specific aura → CPS, GTCS | Aura(metamorphosia, epigastric rising sensation) → CPS | Discomfort in throat → CPS | Epigastric rising sensation → CPS | CPS (once) |
| Ictal ECoG onset | aMTG | PHG | PHG | PHG | none |
| MRI | L basal frontal cortical dysplasia L anterior temporal arachnoid cyst |
L posterior temporal cortical atrophy | L temporal tip arachnoid cyst | L hippocampal atrophy/sclerosis | A low grade glioma in the L medial temporal lobe |
| Pathology | FCD type IA | FCD type IA Hippocampal sclerosisa |
FCD type IB | Hippocampal sclerosisb | Diffuse astrocytoma |
| Patient | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, gender, handedness | 34M L | 41F R | 27F R | 51M R | 38F R |
| WAIS-R (VIQ, PIQ, TIQ) | 55, scale out,44 | 72, 83, 75 | 106, 102, 105 | 73, 97, 83 | 109, 115, 112 |
| WMS-R (Verbal, Visual, General, Attention, Delayed recall) | 52, <50, <50, 55, <50 | 83, 111, 89, 94, 82 | 112, 114, 114, 81, 100 | 80, 101, 85, 1919, 91 | 71, 79, 70, 90, 58 |
| WAB | 88 | 97.3 | 99.6 | 89.6 | 96.9 |
| WADA test (Language) | Left | Right | Left | Left | Left |
| Age of seizure onset | 12 | 19 | 16 | 43 | 28 |
| Seizure type | Aura(déjà vu, piloerection, auditory aura) → CPS | Aura (nausea, feeling pale) → CPS | Epigastric rising sensation → CPS | CPS | Non-specific aura → CPS |
| Ictal ECoG onset | R parietal lobe ∼ pMTG | PHG | ventral anterior temporal | mITG | SMG |
| MRI | R parietal cerebral atrophy & contusion R hippocampal sclerosis/atrophy |
L hippocampal atrophy/sclerosis L parieto-occipital perinatal infarction |
R mesial temporal cyst | Left temporal cavernoma | L parietal opercurum tumour |
| Pathology | Traumatic head injury Hippocampal sclerosisa |
FCD IA Hippocampal sclerosisa |
FCD IA | Arteriovenous malformation | Oligoastrocytoma |
CPS: complex partial seizure, GTCS: generalized tonic clonic seizure, ECoG: electrocorticogram.
a/pMTG: anterior/posterior part of the middle temporal gyrus, PHG: parahippocampal gyrus, FCD: focal cortical dysplasia.
a
Dual pathology.
b
Diagnosed by clinical findings.