Fig. 3. Effect of Ampelopsis japonica Makino extract (AE) on poly(I:C)-induced cytokine release from keratinocytes. SV40Tag-transformed human epidermal keratinocytes were pretreated with AE at the indicated concentrations for 1 hour, and then stimulated with 1 µg/ml poly(I:C) for 24 hours. Released cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean values±standard deviations are averages of triplicate measurements. IL: interleukin, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α. ^*p<0.01.