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. 2016 May;32(3):290–298. doi: 10.6515/ACS20150424L

Table 3. Risk of heart failure hospitalization in chronic kidney disease patients stratified by total number of vaccinations during influenza and non-influenza season.

Total number of vaccinations p value
Unvaccinated 1 2-3 ≥ 4
Adjusted HR* (95% CI) Adjusted HR* (95% CI) Adjusted HR* (95% CI) Adjusted HR* (95% CI)
Whole cohort
 Influenza season 1 0.62 (0.44, 0.87) 0.36 (0.25, 0.52)# 0.12 (0.07, 0.22)# < 0.001
 Non-influenza season 1 0.58 (0.40, 0.84) 0.26 (0.17, 0.41)# 0.07 (0.04, 0.16)# < 0.001
 All season 1 0.60 (0.47, 0.77)# 0.31 (0.23, 0.41)# 0.10 (0.06, 0.16)# < 0.001
Age, 55-64 (years)
 Influenza season 1 0.53 (0.23, 1.25) 0.35 (0.16, 0.79) 0.006
 Non-influenza season 1 0.56 (0.24, 1.33) 0.10 (0.02, 0.41)# < 0.001
 All season 1 0.55 (0.30, 1.00) 0.22 (0.11, 0.45)# < 0.001
Age, 65-74 (years)
 Influenza season 1 0.65 (0.38, 1.11) 0.23 (0.12, 0.44)# 0.12 (0.06, 0.25)# < 0.001
 Non-influenza season 1 0.72 (0.41, 1.28) 0.31 (0.16, 0.57)# 0.04 (0.01, 0.15)# < 0.001
 All season 1 0.68 (0.46, 1.01) 0.27 (0.17, 0.41)# 0.08 (0.04, 0.16)# < 0.001
Age, ≥ 75 (years)
 Influenza season 1 0.52 (0.31, 0.89) 0.36 (0.21, 0.62)# 0.08 (0.03, 0.26)# < 0.001
 Non-influenza season 1 0.43 (0.24, 0.80) 0.20 (0.09, 0.41)# 0.16 (0.06, 0.41)# < 0.001
 All season 1 0.48 (0.32, 0.72)# 0.28 (0.18, 0.44)# 0.12 (0.06, 0.24)# < 0.001
Female
 Influenza season 1 0.41 (0.23, 0.72) 0.28 (0.16, 0.49)# 0.13 (0.06, 0.30)# < 0.001
 Non-influenza season 1 0.55 (0.31, 0.99) 0.24 (0.12, 0.48)# 0.09 (0.03, 0.28)# < 0.001
 All season 1 0.47 (0.31, 0.70)# 0.26 (0.17, 0.40)# 0.11 (0.06, 0.22)# < 0.001
Male
 Influenza season 1 0.83 (0.53, 1.30) 0.44 (0.27, 0.72)# 0.11 (0.05, 0.25)# < 0.001
 Non-influenza season 1 0.62 (0.38, 1.01) 0.29 (0.16, 0.51)# 0.07 (0.03, 0.20)# < 0.001
 All season 1 0.72 (0.52, 1.01) 0.36 (0.25, 0.53)# 0.09 (0.05, 0.17)# < 0.001
CKD without dialysis
 Influenza season 1 0.58 (0.39, 0.85) 0.32 (0.21, 0.49)# 0.10 (0.05, 0.19)# < 0.001
 Non-influenza season 1 0.57 (0.37, 0.86) 0.20 (0.12, 0.35)# 0.07 (0.03, 0.16)# < 0.001
 All season 1 0.57 (0.43, 0.76)# 0.27 (0.19, 0.37)# 0.09 (0.05, 0.15)# < 0.001
CKD with dialysis
 Influenza season 1 0.73 (0.35, 1.53) 0.54 (0.25, 1.16) 0.33 (0.10, 1.11) 0.03
 Non-influenza season 1 0.54 (0.23, 1.28) 0.48 (0.21, 1.10) 0.10 (0.01, 0.77) 0.005
 All season 1 0.64 (0.37, 1.13) 0.51 (0.29, 0.90) 0.21 (0.08, 0.60) < 0.001

CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HR, hazard ratio.

* Adjusted HR was based on Cox proportional regression with adjustment for age, gender, comorbidity condition, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, dialysis, arrhythmia, anemia, pneumonia, monthly income, level of urbanization, and geographic region in propensity score. # p < 0.001. p < 0.01. p < 0.05.