Table 3.
Overview of selected examples for in vivo and in situ detections of NETs.
| References | In vivo | In situ | Species | Pathogen/disease | Organ/tissue/body fluid | Method(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [3] | x | Rabbit | Experimental shigellosis | Intestine | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [3] | x | Human | Spontaneous appendicitis | Intestine | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [54] | x | Human | Preeclampsia | Placentae | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [55] | x | Murine | Streptococcus pneumoniae/pneumonia | Lung | Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy | |
| [23] | x | Murine | Group A Streptococcus/necrotizing fasciitis | Skin | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [38] | x | Murine | Endotoxemia model (LPS induced) | Liver | Intravital microscopy | |
| [69] | x | Human | Plasmodium falciparum | Peripheral blood | Cytology | |
| [70] | x | Human | Small-vessel vasculitis (SVV) | Kidney | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [17] | x | Murine | Candida albicans | Skin, lung | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [17] | x | Murine | Candida albicans | Lung | Scanning electron microscopy | |
| [71] | x | Human | Periodontitis | Crevicular exudate samples, pocket epithelium biopsies | Immunofluorescence microscopy, histology microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy | |
| [72] | x | Human | Leishmania amazonensis/Cutaneous Leishmaniasis | Skin | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [15] | x | Baboon | Thrombosis (deep vein thrombosis) | Vein | Immunohistochemistry | |
| [56] | x | Murine | Staphylococcus aureus | Lung | Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy | |
| [57] | x | Murine | Aspergillus fumigatus/pneumonia | Lung | Two-photon microscopy | |
| [73] | x | Human | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Skin, kidney | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [8] | x | Murine | Influenza/pneumonia | Lung | Immunofluorescence microscopy, histology microscopy | |
| [62, 63] | x | Murine | Atherosclerosis | Carotid artery | Intravital two-photon microscopy | |
| [62] | x | Human | Atherosclerosis | Carotid artery | Immunohistochemistry | |
| [64] | x | Murine | Sepsis (LPS, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) | Liver | Spinning disk confocal intravital microscopy | |
| [74] | x | Murine | Lung injury (LPS) | Lung | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [35] | x | Murine/human neutrophils in viable mouse | Staphylococcus aureus induced abscess | Skin | Spinning disk confocal intravital microscopy | |
| [35] | x | Human | Staphylococcus aureus induced abscess | Skin | Transmission electron microscopy | |
| [65] | x | Murine | Thrombosis | Vein | Intravital two-photon microscopy | |
| [65] | x | Murine | Thrombosis | Vein | Immunohistochemical microscopy | |
| [75] | x | Murine | Tumor | Liver, lung | Spinning disk confocal intravital microscopy | |
| [75] | x | Murine | Tumor | Liver, lung | Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy | |
| [76] | x | Murine | Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza/pneumonia | Lung | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [66] | x | Murine | Sepsis model (LPS) | Blood, liver, lung | Intravital imaging for intra-abdominal organs using a multiphoton microscope | |
| [14] | x | Human | Gouty | Joint, cytospin synovial fluid | Immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| [14] | x | Murine | MSU induced aggNETs | Intraperitoneal aggregates | Immunohistochemical microscopy | |
| [77] | x | Murine | Staphylococcus aureus | Liver | Spinning disk confocal intravital microscopy |