Table 2.
Percentage of cell phenotypes CD16+ and/or CD56+ in the placenta, maternal blood, and cord blood of groups without diabetes (ND) or with mild hyperglycemia (MGH), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and diabetes mellitus (DM-2).
| Cells (%) | Sample | ND (N = 15) |
MGH (N = 15) |
DGM (N = 10) |
DM-2 (N = 15) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD16+ CD56− | Maternal blood | 12.85 ± 6.73 | 30.67 ± 2.50∗ | 84.40 ± 16.36∗ | 57.27 ± 5.68∗ |
| Cord blood | 18.53 ± 3.11 | 23.71 ± 2.16 | 15.43 ± 8.59 | 41.94 ± 18.98∗ | |
| Placenta villi | 4.70 ± 2.71 | 4.70 ± 2.71 | 4.19 ± 3.01 | 4.76 ± 2.48 | |
| Placenta extravilli | 4.85 ± 3.22 | 3.45 ± 1.64 | 10.65 ± 2.84∗# | 10.20 ± 6.91∗# | |
|
| |||||
| CD16− CD56+ | Maternal blood | 1.36 ± 0.19 | 1.90 ± 0.15 | 1.45 ± 0.26 | 1.45 ± 0.26 |
| Cord blood | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 0.38 ± 0.15 | 2.76 ± 0.18∗ | 2.16 ± 0.18∗ | |
| Placenta villi | 13.37 ± 5.56 | 66.74 ± 20.19∗ | 22.26 ± 16.11∗ | 5.11 ± 3.10∗ | |
| Placenta extravilli | 16.49 ± 7.67 | 27.56 ± 13.00∗# | 30.17 ± 19.00∗ | 8.54 ± 2.15∗ | |
|
| |||||
| CD16+ CD56+ | Maternal blood | 8.88 ± 3.34 | 6.69 ± 2.25 | 3.35 ± 1.02∗ | 6.70 ± 2.25 |
| Cord blood | 4.66 ± 2.56 | 5.87 ± 1.42 | 3.32 ± 2.20∗ | 5.88 ± 1.41 | |
| Placenta villi | 3.13 ± 1.2 | 4.70 ± 1.92 | 4.20 ± 1.18 | 1.56 ± 0.55∗ | |
| Placenta extravilli | 5.00 ± 1.1 | 7.46 ± 1.31∗ | 6.76 ± 1.04∗# | 3.68 ± 1.47∗# | |
Note: results are expressed as the mean of samples of maternal blood, cord blood, and placental tissue. ∗Statistical difference between ND and the other groups; #statistical difference between cells in placenta villi and placenta extravilli within the same group.