Table 1:

Conceptualizations of Economic and Psychological Self-Sufficiency

Economic self-sufficiency (outcome)

Employment and financial outcome Employment Financial independence Economic security

Psychological self-sufficiency (process)

Employment hope

Psychological empowerment (agency) Self-worth Self-perceived capability Future orientation

Goal-oriented pathway (pathways) Self-motivation Utilization of resources and skills Goal orientation

Perceived employment barriers Physical and mental health Labor market exclusion Child care Human capital Soft skills