Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate predictors of frailty trajectories
| Unadjusted |
Multivariate* |
Multivariate† |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low trajectory | High trajectory | Low trajectory | High trajectory | Low trajectory | High trajectory | |
| 60–69 year olds | ||||||
| Ever smokers | 1.00 (ref) | 1.63 (1.45 to 1.83)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.63 (1.45 to 1.84)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.31 (1.10 to 1.56)§ |
| Ever felt the need to cut down on alcohol consumption | 1.00 (ref) | 1.67 (1.33 to 2.11)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.66 (1.31 to 2.09)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.42 (0.98 to 2.04) |
| Relatives/friends worry or complain about your alcohol consumption | 1.00 (ref) | 2.92 (1.91 to 4.48)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 2.90 (1.89 to 4.46)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 2.26 (1.19 to 4.29)¶ |
| Education (vs 4-year college/postgraduate studies) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 1.00 (ref) | 4.22 (3.28 to 5.44)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 4.15 (3.22 to 5.36)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.98 (1.32 to 2.96)‡ |
| High school graduate or GED/some college | 1.00 (ref) | 1.69 (1.49 to 1.93)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.68 (1.47 to 1.92)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.10 (0.91 to 1.33) |
| Non-married vs married/committed relationship | 1.00 (ref) | 1.86 (1.63 to 2.12)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.98 (1.72 to 2.27)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.32 (1.07 to 1.65)¶ |
| With whom you live (vs spouse/domestic partner) | ||||||
| Family | 1.00 (ref) | 1.96 (1.51 to 2.53)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 2.12 (1.63 to 2.74)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.40 (0.90 to 2.18) |
| Alone | 1.00 (ref) | 1.57 (1.35 to 1.82)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.63 (1.40 to 1.90)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.23 (0.97 to 1.57) |
| Have assistance for home care from family, friends or others, if needed (no vs yes) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.76 (0.68 to 0.86)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.76 (0.67 to 0.85)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.04 (0.87 to 1.24) |
| 70–79 year olds | ||||||
| Ever smokers | 1.00 (ref) | 1.41 (1.24 to 1.61)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.52 (1.32 to 1.74)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.51 (1.23 to 1.84)‡ |
| Ever felt the need to cut down on alcohol consumption | 1.00 (ref) | 2.01 (1.51 to 2.68)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 2.22 (1.65 to 2.98)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.92 (1.23 to 3.00)§ |
| Relatives/friends worry or complain about your alcohol consumption | 1.00 (ref) | 2.83 (1.49 to 5.38)§ | 1.00 (ref) | 3.15 (1.64 to 6.06)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 2.43 (0.93 to 6.34) |
| Education (vs 4-year college/postgraduate studies) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 1.00 (ref) | 3.19 (2.54 to 4.01)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 2.90 (2.30 to 3.65)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.57 (1.12 to 2.22)§ |
| High school graduate or GED/some college | 1.00 (ref) | 1.49 (1.28 to 1.74)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.45 (1.24 to 1.69)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.19 (0.95 to 1.50) |
| Non-married vs married/committed relationship | 1.00 (ref) | 1.76 (1.53 to 2.01)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.64 (1.42 to 1.91)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.34 (1.08 to 1.67)§ |
| With whom you live (vs spouse/domestic partner) | ||||||
| Family | 1.00 (ref) | 1.87 (1.36 to 2.57)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.82 (1.32 to 2.52)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.76 (1.05 to 2.94)¶ |
| Alone | 1.00 (ref) | 1.52 (1.32 to 1.76)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.40 (1.20 to 1.63)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.30 (1.03 to 1.64)¶ |
| Have assistance for home care from family, friends or others, if needed (no vs yes) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.66 (0.58 to 0.76)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.67 (0.58 to 0.77)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.83 (0.68 to 1.02) |
| 80–89 year olds | ||||||
| Ever smokers | 1.00 (ref) | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.38) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.28 (1.05 to 1.56)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.06 (0.80 to 1.40) |
| Ever felt the need to cut down on alcohol consumption | 1.00 (ref) | 1.06 (0.59 to 1.90) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.24 (0.68 to 2.26) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.78 (0.32 to 1.93) |
| Relatives/friends worry or complain about your alcohol consumption | 1.00 (ref) | 1.46 (0.49 to 4.37) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.67 (0.55 to 5.05) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.57 (0.13 to 2.44) |
| Education (vs 4-year college/postgraduate studies) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 1.00 (ref) | 1.80 (1.35 to 2.40)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.77 (1.33 to 2.37)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.19 (0.78 to 1.80) |
| High school graduate or GED/some college | 1.00 (ref) | 1.27 (1.00 to 1.60)¶ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.27 (1.00 to 1.61) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.08 (0.77 to 1.51) |
| Non-married vs married/committed relationship | 1.00 (ref) | 1.49 (1.24 to 1.79)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.45 (1.17 to 1.78)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.11 (0.82 to 1.51) |
| With whom you live (vs spouse/domestic partner) | ||||||
| Family | 1.00 (ref) | 1.54 (1.02 to 2.31)¶ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.50 (0.99 to 2.27) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.15 (0.62 to 2.14) |
| Alone | 1.00 (ref) | 1.36 (1.13 to 1.65)§ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.55)¶ | 1.00 (ref) | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.48) |
| Have assistance for home care from family, friends or others, if needed (no vs yes) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.57 (0.46 to 0.71)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.62 (0.50 to 0.76)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.94 (0.70 to 1.28) |
Values are ORs (95% CI).
*Multivariate associations are adjusted for age and sex.
†Multivariate associations are adjusted for age, sex and baseline frailty index.
‡p Value<0.001.
§p Value<0.01.
¶p Value<0.05.
GED, General Educational Development.