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Luteolin (Lut) modulates the Raf/PI3K signaling pathway in KRAS and BRAF mutated cancer cells and HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Luteolin inhibits Ras’s downstream client proteins and PI3K signaling pathways. Luteolin noncompetitively binds with ATP to abolish Raf activity and competitively binds with ATP to inhibit PI3K activity. However, p21 induction by luteolin could confer on cancer cells a survival advantage by activating mTOR signaling. mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.
