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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2016 Mar 16;49(9):1447–1453. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.016

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Micro-scale elastic modulus increases with age and decreases with exercise. (A) Representative Hertz model fit to AFM force-indentation curve, and inset shows the residuals of the Hertz model fit to the data. (B) The mean elastic modulus of the subendothelial matrix in aged-sedentary mice (20 months old, n=7 mice) relative to young mice (4 months old, n=8 mice) and aged-exercised mice (20 months old, n=7 mice) based on AFM measurements, * p<0.01 (Linear Mixed Effects Model, square-root transform). (C) Comparison of PWV macro-scale stiffness with micro-scale AFM elastic modulus values from each mouse, p<0.02 (Linear Mixed Effects Model). The solid line indicates the linear fit and the dotted lines indicate the standard error.