Table 2.
Association between subjective sleep quality and risk of first-onset TMDa among 2,410 OPPERA prospective cohort study participants adjusted for baseline predictors of TMD; hazard ratios (95% confidence limits) (n=2,410)
| Model 1: PSQI at baseline | Model 2: adds four covariates | Model 3: adds time-varying sleep quality | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline PSQI score >5 [ref=0-5] | 2.04 (1.55, 2.70)* | 1.39 (1.02, 1.90)* | 1.28 (0.94, 1.75) |
| Any non-pain facial symptom at baseline [ref=None] | 1.67 (1.22, 2.27)* | 1.69 (1.23, 2.30)* | |
| Any comorbid health condition at baseline [ref=None] | 1.65 (1.22, 2.23)* | 1.63 (1.20, 2.19)* | |
| Baseline PSS score per 6.4 units | 1.14 (0.98, 1.33) | 1.14 (0.98, 1.32) | |
| Baseline PILL score per 21.0 units | 1.16 (1.01, 1.34)* | 1.14 (0.99, 1.32) | |
| Time-varying covariate of sleep quality rating >6 [ref=0-6]: | 1.73 (1.29, 2.32)* | ||
| Model fit: likelihood ratio statistic (df) | 78.1 (10) | 123.0 (14) | 137.8 (15) |
a
All models are adjusted for study site, age, sex and race/ethnicity
*
The symbol denotes a statistically significant predictor of first-onset TMD