Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjects according to ADH1B and ALDH2 genotype
| Characteristics | ADH1B Arg48His a | P-value b | ALDH2 Glu504Lys a | P-value b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| His/His | His/Arg | Arg/Arg | Glu/Glu | Glu/Lys | Lys/Lys | ||||
| Men | (n = 515) | (n = 338) | (n = 54) | (n = 499) | (n = 337) | (n = 71) | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 54.7 (9.2) | 55.4 (9.3) | 55.5 (9.4) | 0.57 | 54.6 (9.1) | 55.4 (9.2) | 56.3 (10.1) | 0.21 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.2 (2.8) | 23.6 (2.9) | 24.4 (3.0) | 0.004 | 23.6 (3.0) | 23.3 (2.8) | 22.8 (2.3) | 0.06 | |
| Ever-smoking, N (%) | 362 (70.3) | 238 (70.4) | 41 (75.9) | 0.68 | 340 (68.1) | 252 (74.8) | 49 (69.0) | 0.11 | |
| Cigarette-years, median (IQR) c | 520 (280–810) | 490 (280–780) | 660 (340–880) | 0.53 | 540 (270–820) | 500 (290–780) | 510 (272–800) | 0.96 | |
| Current alcohol consumption, (%) | 400 (77.8) | 263 (77.8) | 46 (85.2) | 0.44 | 460 (92.2) | 245 (72.9) | 4 (5.6) | < 0.0001 | |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day), median (IQR) d | 25 (12–46) | 25 (12–51) | 35 (13–55) | 0.40 | 31 (15–55) | 17 (7–34) | 6 (2–9) | < 0.0001 | |
| Coffee consumption (cups/day), median (IQR) | 1.5 (0.3–2.0) | 1.5 (0.3–3.0) | 1.5 (0.1–1.6) | 0.70 | 1.0 (0.1–1.6) | 1.5 (0.5–3.0) | 1.5 (0.5–3.0) | 0.01 | |
| MET-h/week, median (IQR) | 10 (5–21) | 9 (5–20) | 12 (4–22) | 0.50 | 10 (5–21) | 9 (4–20.5) | 12 (6–23) | 0.19 | |
| Parental diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 64 (12.4) | 50 (14.8) | 5 (9.3) | 0.42 | 65 (13.0) | 48 (14.2) | 6 (8.8) | 0.42 | |
| Women | (n = 514) | (n = 343) | (n = 52) | (n = 547) | (n = 311) | (n = 53) | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 55.2 (9.2) | 55.0 (8.6) | 55.3 (8.4) | 0.93 | 55.4 (8.9) | 54.8 (9.0) | 54.8 (9.4) | 0.62 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 22.8 (3.3) | 22.7 (3.2) | 23.9 (3.5) | 0.03 | 23.0 (3.3) | 22.6 (3.3) | 22.1 (2.7) | 0.054 | |
| Ever-smoking, N (%) | 40 (7.8) | 22 (6.4) | 4 (7.7) | 0.75 | 35 (6.4) | 28 (9.0) | 3 (5.7) | 0.33 | |
| Cigarette-years, median (IQR) c | 340 (160–560) | 227 (140–435) | 800 (240–840) | 0.17 | 332 (164–568) | 340 (160–620) | 105 (12–270) | 0.24 | |
| Current alcohol consumption, N (%) | 174 (33.9) | 128 (37.3) | 25 (48.1) | 0.10 | 260 (47.5) | 66 (21.2) | 2 (3.8) | < 0.0001 | |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day), median (IQR) d | 5 (3–14) | 5 (2–10) | 10 (5–14) | 0.046 | 6 (3–14) | 4 (2–7) | 2 (0–5) | 0.01 | |
| Coffee consumption (cups/day), median (IQR) | 1.5 (0.3–1.6) | 1.5 (0.3–1.6) | 1.5 (0.3–3.0) | 0.53 | 1.5 (0.5–1.6) | 1.5 (0.3–2.3) | 0.8 (0.1–2.0) | 0.02 | |
| MET-h/week, median (IQR) | 10 (5–21) | 11 (6–19) | 8 (5–18) | 0.50 | 10 (5–20) | 9 (6–19) | 12.5 (6–22) | 0.55 | |
| Parental diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 79 (15.4) | 59 (17.2) | 5 (9.6) | 0.35 | 100 (18.3) | 33 (10.6) | 11 (20.8) | 0.007 | |
BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; N, number; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
a) The genotype was not determined for three subjects for ADH1B and one subject for ALDH2.
b) χ2 tests for proportions, analysis of variance for means, and the Kruskal–Wallis test for medians.
c) Among ever-smokers.
d) Among current alcohol consumers (current alcohol consumers were defined as subjects who reported consuming alcoholic beverages at least once a month).