Table 5.

Regression coefficients from item-level regression analyses for standardized reading and past tense generation latencies, Experiments 3a and 3b.

Variable	B	SEB	β	sr	R2	Δ R2
Experiment 3a (Verb reading
Step 1 (Onsets)					0.19∗∗∗	0.19∗∗∗
Step 2 (Control variables)					0.44∗∗∗	0.25∗∗∗
Frequency	-0.05	0.01	-0.35	-0.33***
PLD	0.12	0.02	0.29	0.26***
Phonological consistency	-0.01	0.02	-0.02	-0.02
Step 3 (Semantic variables)					0.49∗∗∗	0.05∗∗∗
Regularity	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.02
Age of acquisition (AoA)	0.02	0.01	0.22	0.12**
Valence	-0.00	0.01	-0.01	-0.01
Arousal	-0.01	0.01	-0.03	-0.02
Semantic diversity (SemD)	0.11	0.05	0.10	0.07
Embodiment	-0.00	0.01	-0.02	-0.01
Age of acquisition × Regularity	-0.03	0.02	-0.12	-0.05
Valence × Regularity	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.04
Arousal × Regularity	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.02
Semantic diversity × Regularity	-0.07	0.12	-0.03	-0.02
Embodiment × Regularity	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.04
Experiment 3b (Past tense generation)
Step 1 (Onsets)					0.19∗∗∗	0.19∗∗∗
Step 2 (Control variables)					0.32∗∗∗	0.13∗∗∗
Frequency	0.03	0.01	0.15	0.14**
PLD	-0.15	0.03	-0.27	-0.25***
Phonological consistency	0.12	0.03	0.16	0.16***
Step 3 (Semantic variables)					0.54∗∗∗	0.22∗∗∗
Regularity	0.41	0.06	0.46	0.26***
Age of acquisition (AoA)	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.03
Valence	-0.00	0.01	-0.00	-0.00
Arousal	-0.01	0.02	-0.03	-0.02
Semantic diversity (SemD)	-0.01	0.07	-0.01	-0.01
Embodiment	0.02	0.02	0.07	0.04
Age of acquisition × Regularity	-0.04	0.02	-0.13	-0.06
Valence × Regularity	-0.00	0.03	-0.00	-0.00
Arousal × Regularity	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04
Semantic diversity × Regularity	0.30	0.15	0.10	0.08*
Embodiment × Regularity	-0.03	0.03	-0.04	-0.03

PLD, phonological Levenshtein distance. ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.