Table 1.

Site characteristics. Pp, Pinus pinaster; Qi, Quercus ilex; Qs, Quercus suber; Qp, Quercus pyrenaica; Qf, Quercus faginea.

	Stands
	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K
Longitude (W)	5°57′	5°48′	6°22′	5°02′	5°52′	5°47′	6°07′	2°08′	2°37′	2°43′	2°52′
Latitude (N)	40°13′	40°01′	39°49′	40°11′	41°14′	41°08′	40°55′	40°59′	41°45′	41°32′	41°43′
Altitude (m above sea level)	619	466	600	449	985	834	832	1246	1189	982	1045
Mean temperature (°C)
Annual	16.5	16.6	16.8	16.4	12.3	12.7	13.0	10.1	10.3	11.0	10.6
Absolute maximum temperature	40.4	43.6	43	44.1	39.6	38.9	43.9	39.2	41.1	39.5	40.4
Absolute minimum temperature	−2.15	−4.15	−3.55	−5.50	−8.18	−9.82	−7.50	−13.1	−13.7	−15.0	−16.9
Days with frost per year	7	15	5	20	57	61	59	98	105	105	112
Annual rainfall (mm)	1109	986	672	1001	495	460	554	605	567	535	646
Emberger's index	72	105	60	60	52	46	48	58	79	69	78
Daily mean radiation (W m−2)	184	185	184	186	186	186	183	182	177	179	177
Soil
Sand content (%)	81.1	77.2	73.9	75.7	84.6	74.3	67.9	57.8	75.1	84.8	84.0
Clay content (%)	8.5	11.7	12.3	10.6	6.4	12.2	16.2	22.8	14.4	8.1	8.3
Silt content (%)	10.4	11.1	13.8	13.7	9.00	13.5	15.9	19.4	10.5	7.10	7.7
Soil N content (%)	0.082	0.143	0.104	0.126	0.072	0.021	0.078	0.112	0.115	0.040	0.048
Available P (p.p.m.)	31	38	5	6	10	4	20	2	7	9	6
Organic matter (%)	1.66	4.47	4.10	2.78	2.6	0.37	1.66	1.96	5.12	0.69	1.92
pH	5.7	4.5	4.7	5.1	4.6	4.5	4.4	7.6	4.8	7.0	6.1
Species	Qi, Qs, Qp, Qf	Qs, Qp	Pp, Qi, Qs	Pp, Qi, Qs	Pp, Qi, <Qs, Qp	Pp, Qi, Qs, Qp, Qf	Qi, Qs, Qp, Qf	Qi, Qf	Pp, Qi, <Qp, Qf	Pp, Qi, Qp	Pp, Qi