Table 1. Specific CTO predictive scores.
| Specific CTO score | CTO lesions (n) | Success (%) | Variables | Primary endpoint | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Clinical | Angiographic | CCTA | ||||
| J-CTO score, Morino et al. (11) | 494 | 88.6 | 5 | Prior attempt (+1) | Heavy calcification (+1) Bending ≥45° (+1) Blunt stump (+1) Occlusion length >20 mm (+1) |
– | GW crossing within 30 min |
| CT-RECTOR score, Opolski et al. (12) | 240 | 65.0 | 6 | Prior attempt (+1) Occlusion duration ≥12 months or unknown (+1) |
– | Multiple occlusion (+1) Blunt stump (+1) Calcification ≥50% CSA (+1) Bending ≥45° (+1) |
GW crossing within 30 min |
| CL score, Alessandrino et al. (13) | 1,657 | 72.5 | 6 | Previous CABG (+1.5) Previous MI (+1) |
Severe calcification (+2) CTO length >20 mm (+1.5) Non-LAD CTO (+1) Blunt stump (+1) |
– | Successful antegrade first attempt |
| PROGRESS-CTO score, Christopoulos et al. (14) | 781 | 92.9 | 4 | – | Proximal cap ambiguity (+1) Moderate/severe tortuosity (+1) LCx CTO (+1) Absence of “interventional” collaterals (+1) |
– | Successful hybrid approach |
| ORA score, Galassi et al. (15) | 1,073 | 91.9 | 3 | Age ≥75 years (+1) | Ostial location (+1) Collateral filling < Rentrop2 (+2) |
– | Technical failure by both antegrade and/or retrograde techniques |
| Liu et al. (16) | 728 | N/A | 3 | Age ≥75 years (+1) LVEF <40% (+1) Baseline Scr >1.5 mg/dL (+2) |
– | – | Contrast induced nephropathy |
CTO, chronic total occlusions; CCTA, coronary computed tomography angiography; GW, guidewire; CSA, cross sectional area; MI, myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; LAD, left anterior descending; LCx, left circumflex; N/A, not available; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SCr, serum creatinine.