Table 1.

Characteristics of 14 studies analyzing risk factors associated with cardiac surgery with CPB

First author [Ref.]	Year	Country	Race	Source	Study type	Sample size (case/control)	Risk factor	Quality evaluation
Suen [13]	1998	China Hong Kong	Asia	hospital	case-controlled	67/380	1, 2, 7, 11, 13, 14, 16, 20	6
Sirvinskas [14]	2008	US	US	hospital	case-controlled	19/160	1, 6, 10, 12	6
Haase [15]	2012	English	Europe	hospital	case-controlled	179/741	1–11, 15, 16, 20	6
Rodrigues [16]	2009	Brazil	South America	hospital	case-controlled	78/691	2, 4, 6–10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21	7
Ilknur [17]	2005	Turkey	Asia	hospital	case-controlled	168/14,269	2, 3, 6, 10–13, 15, 16, 18, 20	7
Bove [18]	2004	Italy	Europe	hospital	case-controlled	171/4,897	1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 14–16	7
Thakar [19]	2005	US	US	hospital	case-controlled	269/15,569	1, 2, 6, 8–11, 14–16, 18, 19	6
Loef [20]	2005	Holland	Europe	hospital	case-controlled	145/698	1–7, 9–11, 14–20	7
Lin [21]	2009	China	Asia	hospital	case-controlled	340/4,760	10, 12	6
Han [22]	2006	China	Asia	hospital	case-controlled	108/152	7, 10, 12, 15	6
Yang [23]	2013	China	Asia	hospital	case-controlled	83/129	1–4, 6, 7, 11, 17–19, 21	6
Englberger [24]	2013	Mayo	Europe	hospital	case-controlled	115/836	2–4, 6, 8–10, 12, 13, 17–20, 21	7
Karkouti [25]	2009	Canada	US	hospital	case-controlled	347/3,460	1–6, 8–11, 13, 15, 16, 19	7
Landoni [26]	2007	Italy	Europe	hospital	case-controlled	68/3,035	2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20	7

Risk factors: 1 = any type of cardiac surgery; 2 = diabetes mellitus; 3 = hypertension; 4 = acute myocardial infarction; 5 = low cardiac output; 6 = age; 7 = NYHA class III/IV; 8 = respiratory system disease; 9 = peripheral vascular disease; 10 = CPB time; 11 = use of IABP; 12 = aortic clamping time; 13 = postoperative infection; 14 = congestive heart failure; 15 = redo operation; 16 = emergency operation; 17 = BMI; 18 = preoperative creatinine; 19 = cerebrovascular disease; 20 = mortality; 21 = EF.