Table 2.
Blood pressure and heart rate monitoring results of age-matched controls and patients with Parkinson’s disease stratified by motor symptom severities
| Controls (n = 25) | Mild (H&Y 1 or 1.5, n = 106) | Moderate (H&Y 2 or 2.5, n = 51) | Severe (H&Y ≥ 3, n = 31) | p | Post-hoc comparison |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls vs. mild | Controls vs. moderate | Controls vs. severe | Mild vs. moderate | Mild vs. severe | Moderate vs. severe | ||||||
| Orthostatic hypotension, n (%)* | 1 (4.0) | 31 (29.2) | 16 (31.4) | 9 (29.0) | 0.056 | ||||||
| Supine hypertension, n (%)* | 3 (12.0) | 31 (29.2) | 16 (31.4) | 12 (38.7) | 0.168 | ||||||
| Non-dipper, n (%)* | 19 (76.0) | 86 (81.1) | 40 (78.4) | 27 (87.1) | 0.717 | ||||||
| Nocturnal hypertension, n (%)* | 2 (8.0) | 28 (26.4) | 9 (17.6) | 10 (32.3) | 0.102 | ||||||
| Supine SBP | 122.5 ± 14.1 | 129.1 ± 19.5 | 132.1 ± 16.2 | 137.4 ± 21.5 | 0.028 | 0.409 | 0.288 | 0.017 | 1.000 | 0.322 | 0.921 |
| ΔSBP during tilt | 3.3 ± 9.0 | 13.1 ± 17.6 | 12.3 ± 16.0 | 15.5 ± 17.6 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.136 | 0.022 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Nighttime SBP | 107.1 ± 11.6 | 111.7 ± 15.0 | 112.0 ± 14.7 | 115.9 ± 14.7 | 0.135 | 0.655 | 1.000 | 0.114 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Dipping | 7.5 ± 6.8 | 4.4 ± 14.2 | 3.2 ± 7.6 | 1.0 ± 6.9 | 0.150 | 0.964 | 0.536 | 0.157 | 1.000 | 0.988 | 1.000 |
| SD SBP, day | 12.0 ± 4.8 | 13.7 ± 4.4 | 13.9 ± 5.0 | 13.9 ± 4.1 | 0.362 | 0.769 | 0.514 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| SD SBP, night | 10.0 ± 3.1 | 12.1 ± 4.5 | 12.2 ± 5.2 | 12.2 ± 3.2 | 0.196 | 0.305 | 0.308 | 0.428 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| HRV of all qualified beats (SDNN) | 120.9 ± 24.9 | 125.8 ± 36.3 | 117.9 ± 46.9 | 110.3 ± 40.4 | 0.379 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.559 | 1.000 |
| RMS of successive NN deltas (RMS-SD), msec | 32.1 ± 18.3 | 42.7 ± 44.2 | 46.5 ± 63.1 | 37.8 ± 47.7 | 0.573 | 1.000 | 0.965 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| SD of successive NN delta (SDSD), msec | 25.0 ± 17.5 | 31.9 ± 31.9 | 33.1 ± 41.9 | 28.5 ± 32.4 | 0.681 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Triangular index (HRV index) | 18.1 ± 3.8 | 18.0 ± 5.7 | 16.2 ± 6.1 | 18.9 ± 20.7 | 0.757 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Triangular interpolation (TINN), msec | 534.4 ± 137.7 | 557.5 ± 173.9 | 495.4 ± 189.9 | 446.6 ± 177.3 | 0.026 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.352 | 0.345 | 0.030 | 1.000 |
| Mean RR, msec | 824.4 ± 80.7 | 884.1 ± 117.0 | 847.5 ± 126.6 | 836.2 ± 122.9 | 0.128 | 0.325 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.474 | 1.000 |
| pnn50, % | 4.6 ± 3.7 | 9.1 ± 15.1 | 11.2 ± 21.2 | 7.9 ± 16.8 | 0.414 | 1.000 | 0.564 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Mean of interval HRVs (SDNN index), msec | 35.3 ± 9.3 | 20.4 ± 24.2 | 18.8 ± 35.4 | 17.8 ± 19.6 | 0.053 | 0.063 | 0.097 | 0.218 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| SD of interval rates (SDANN), bpm | 10.4 ± 2.1 | 9.5 ± 3.0 | 9.1 ± 2.7 | 9.4 ± 3.7 | 0.316 | 1.000 | 0.395 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| SD of interval rates (SDANN), msec | 113.4 ± 26.2 | 112.4 ± 36.9 | 104.7 ± 36.5 | 101.9 ± 34.2 | 0.349 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.751 | 1.000 |
Values represent the mean with standard deviation or numbers of patients (percentage).
analysis was performed by analyses of covariance controlling age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus or by χ2 test.
H&Y: Hoehn & Yahr stage, SBP: systolic blood pressure, SD: standard deviation, HRV: heart rate variability, SDNN: N-N interval standard deviations, mean RR: mean normal R-R interval means, pnn50: the difference percentile between adjacent normal R-R intervals that are greater than 50 ms, SDNN index: 5-min standard deviation N-N interval duration means, SDANN: 5-min means of N-N interval standard deviations.