Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants.
| Control n = 274 | SCD n = 174 | MCI n = 214 | AD n = 57 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, % women | 61 | 55 | 44a | 60 |
| Age | 73 (5) | 70 (6)b | 71 (5) | 76 (5)b,c,d |
| 10-word delayed recall (errors)* | 2.0 (1.9) | 3.4 (2.2) b | 6.5 (2.3) b,c | 8.5 (1.5) b,c,d |
| MMSE | 29.1 (0.9) | 28.4 (1.4) b | 27.1 (1.8)b,c | 22.1 (3.5) b,c,d |
| SUVR of [18F]flutemetamol | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.5)b,e | N/A |
| Plasma Aβ42, pg/ml | 19.6 (5.2) | 18.8 (5.4) | 18.8 (6.1) | 13.2 (7.3)b,c,d |
| Plasma Aβ40, pg/ml | 276.7 (66.1) | 276.9 (69.1) | 287.6 (77.0) | 244.3 (105.8)a,c,d |
| Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 | 0.073 (0.023) | 0.070 (0.025) | 0.066 (0.015)f | 0.057 (0.022)b,c,g |
| CSF Aβ42, pg/ml | 554.0 (195.1) | 588.8 (253.4) | 470.1 (232.3)b,c | 289.5 (103.8)b,c,d |
| CSF Aβ40, pg/ml | 4688.5 (1650.0) | 4966.5 (1750.5) | 4765.3 (1884.8) | 4387.2 (1761.6)h |
| CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 | 0.123 (0.036) | 0.123 (0.045) | 0.104 (0.044)b,c | 0.070 (0.022)b,c,d |
Data are shown as mean (SD) unless otherwise specified.
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ADAS-cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognition; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; SCD, subjective cognitive decline; SUVR, standardized uptake value ratios.
Plasma and CSF Aβ were measured using Simoa and Euroimmun immunoassays, respectively. Demographic factors and clinical characteristics were compared using chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests. Plasma and CSF biomarkers were analyzed with univariate general linear models controlling for age and gender; statistical significance was set to p < 0.008 to account for Bonferroni correction; acompared with control, p < 0.001; bcompared with control, p < 0.0001; ccompared with SCD, p < 0.0001; dcompared with MCI, p < 0.0001; ecompared with SCD, p < 0.001; fcompared with control, p = 0.002; gcompared with MCI, p = 0.003; hcompared with SCD, p = 0.003.
*From the ADAS-cog, subtest 3.