Table 3.
Neonatal outcomes by maternal age.
| Young Adults (Referent) | Younger Adolescents | Adjusted OR (95%CI)a | Older Adolescents | Adjusted OR (95%CI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 20–24.9 | Age ≤ 15.9 | Age 16–19.9 | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Low birth weightb | 2,074 (7.60) | 131 (11.10) | 0.82 (0.63, 1.08) | 1,507 (10.34) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) |
| Very low birth weightc | 335 (1.23) | 14 (1.19) | 0.46 (0.18, 1.16) | 241 (1.65) | 1.28 (0.92, 1.78) |
| Birth trauma | 722 (2.61) | 33 (2.78) | 1.10 (0.77, 1.58) | 422 (2.87) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.23) |
| Shoulder dystocia | 374 (1.35) | 13 (1.09) | 0.76 (0.43, 1.33) | 237 (1.61) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.28) |
| Apgar score at 5 min < 7 | 374 (1.36) | 20 (1.70) | 0.92 (0.57, 1.50) | 230 (1.57) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.15) |
| NICU d admission | 3,104 (11.23) | 144 (12.11) | 0.80 (0.65, 0.98) | 1,754 (11.93) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.96) |
| NICU length of stay (d), median (10th, 90th) | 5.92 (1, 34.77) | 7 (1, 39) | -- | 6 (1, 38.86) | -- |
| IVH/PVHe | 83 (0.30) | 4 (0.34) | 0.91 (0.29, 2.91) | 39 (0.27) | 0.83 (0.53, 1.30) |
| Asphyxia | 46 (0.17) | 2 (0.17) | 1.06 (0.25, 4.52) | 26 (0.18) | 1.09 (0.64, 1.83) |
| Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | 1 (<0.01) | 0 (0) | -- | 1 (0.01) | 3.09 (0.13, 71.61) |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 504 (1.82) | 23 (1.93) | 0.92 (0.54, 1.58) | 267 (1.82) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.09) |
| Neonatal sepsis | 561 (2.03) | 34 (2.86) | 1.04 (0.72, 1.52) | 363 (2.47) | 0.02 (0.88, 1.18) |
| Meningitis | 3 (0.01) | 0 (0) | -- | 2 (0.01) | 1.80 (0.24, 13.29) |
| Pneumonia | 154 (0.56) | 9 (0.76) | 1.17 (0.57, 2.37) | 64 (0.44) | 0.73 (0.54, 1.01) |
| Neonatal seizure | 24 (0.09) | 1 (0.08) | 0.98 (0.13, 7.53) | 16 (0.11) | 1.26 (0.64, 2.50) |
| Perinatal deathf | 63 (0.23) | 5 (0.42) | 1.42 (0.50, 1.30) | 36 (0.24) | 0.80 (0.50, 1.30) |
Reference group: Maternal age 20–24.
Numbers shown as n (%) unless otherwise specified.
a
Adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, marital status, insurance type, substance abuse, BMI at admission, hospital type, gestational age at delivery, any diabetes, and any hypertensive disease.
b
Low birth weight defined as birth weight less than 2500 g
c
Very low birth weight defined as birth weight less than 1500 g.
d
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
e
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)/periventricular hemorrhage (PVH)
f
Perinatal death included intrapartum stillbirth and neonatal death