Table 1.

Colonization of S. mutans or S. sobrinus in 3- and 5-year-old Thai children

Group	N	S. mutans (%)			S. sobrinus (%)
		+	OR (CI 95 %)	P value	+	OR (CI 95 %)	P value
Age	343	290 (84.5)			174 (50.9)
3 years	180	138 (76.7)	3.5 (1.8~6.5)	<0.001	84 (46.7)	1.2(1.0~1.1)	N.S.
5 years	163	152 (93.3)			90 (55.6)
Gender
Male	188	161 (85.6)	1.2 (0.7~2.2)	N.S.	98 (52.1)	1.1 (0.7~1.7)	N.S.
Female	155	129 (83.2)			76 (49.4)
Delivery mode
Vaginal	181	159 (87.8)	1.7 (0.9~3.1)	N.S.	97 (53.6)	1.3 (0.8~1.9)	N.S.
C-section	162	131 (80.9)			77 (47.8)
3 years old
Vaginal	97	81 (83.5)	2.3 (1.1~4.7)	0.019	46 (47.4)	1.1 (0.6~1.9)	N.S.
C-section	83	57 (68.7)			38 (45.8)
5 years old
Vaginal	84	78 (92.9)	0.9 (0.3~3.0)	N.S.	51 (60.7)	1.5 (0.8~2.9)	N.S.
C-section	79	74 (93.7)			39 (50.0)
Birth weight
<2,500 g	13	8 (61.5)	2.6 (1.3~5.5)	0.019	4 (30.8)	1.4 (1.0~2.1)	N.S.
≥2,500 g	330	282 (85.5)			170 (51.7)
Primary caregiver
Mother	172	141 (82.0)	0.7 (0.4~1.2)	N.S.	79 (46.2)	0.7 (0.4~1.1)	N.S.
Othersa	171	149 (87.1)			95 (55.9)
Sleep with bottle
Yes	158	141 (89.2)	2.1 (1.1~3.9)	0.020	92 (58.6)	1.7 (1.1~2.7)	0.013
No	180	144 (80.0)			81 (45.0)
Mother's premastication
Yes	109	93 (85.3)	1.1 (0.5~2.1)	N.S.	65 (59.6)	1.7 (1.1~2.7)	0.024
No	233	196 (84.1)			108 (46.6)
Soft drink
≥1 per day	183	162 (88.5)		<0.001	97 (53.3)		N.S.
Sometimes	80	74 (92.5)			41 (51.3)
Never	80	54 (67.5)			36 (45.0)
Gum
≥1 per day	139	127 (91.4)	2.7 (1.4~5.3)	0.003	98 (48.8)	1.2 (0.8~1.9)	N.S.
Never/rare	202	161 (79.7)			75 (54.0)
Lollipop candy
≥1 per day	152	138 (90.8)	2.5 (1.3~4.9)	0.004	78 (51.3)	1.0 (0.7~1.6)	N.S.
Never/rare	190	151 (79.5)			96 (50.8)

^aThe “Others” category includes grandmother (2.9 %), grandfather (1.1 %), babysitter (10.3 %), or other relatives of the family (35.6 %).