Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population across intervention groups
| Variables | Assigned intervention group | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Red wine (n = 27) |
Water (n = 27) |
Entire group (n = 54) |
|
| Age years | 56.5±7.2 | 57.7±5.7 | 57.1±6.5 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 25 (92.6) | 21 (77.8) | 46 (85.2) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30±4.4 | 28.6±3.6 | 29.3±4 |
| Hypertensive (%) | 63 | 59.3 | 61.1 |
| HbA1c%, mmol/mol | 6.6±0.9, 49 | 6.9±1.4, 52 | 6.7±1.1, 50 |
| 24-h ambulatory blood pressure | |||
| Systolic | |||
| Mean 24h, mm Hg | 130.1±10.9 | 128.3±14.6 | 129.2±12.8 |
| Daytime (6 am to 11 pm) mean, mm Hg | 133.2±11.2 | 130.4±14.9 | 131.8±13.1 |
| Nighttime (11 pm to 6 am) mean, mm Hg | 117.7±12.6 | 110.1±35.2 | 113.9.3±26.4 |
| Diastolic | |||
| Mean 24h, mm Hg | 78.6±7.4 | 74.6±8.8 | 76.6±8.3 |
| Daytime (6 am to 11 pm) mean, mm Hg | 81.1±7.5 | 76.4±9.1 | 78.7±8.6 |
| Nighttime (11 pm to 6 am) mean, mm Hg | 68.1±9.4 | 61±19.8 | 64.5±15.7 |
| Pulse pressure a | |||
| Mean 24h mm Hg | 52.2±6.9 | 53±9.1 | 52.6±8 |
| 24-h Blood pressure variability | |||
| Systolic (SD) | 14±2.4 | 13.2±2.7 | 13.6±2.6 |
| Diastolic (SD) | 11.3±2.4 | 10.7±3.4 | 11±2.9 |
| Medication use | |||
| Antihypertensive drugs, no. (%) No. of antihypertensive drugs |
8 (29.6) 0.3±0.4 |
11 (40.7) 0.4±0.5 |
19 (35.2) 0.35±0.5 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy, no. (%) | 10 (37) | 12 (44.4) | 22 (40.7) |
| Anti-platelet therapy, no. (%) | 7 (25.9) | 10 (37) | 17 (31.5) |
| Oral glycemic-control medications, no. (%) | 13 (48.1) | 17 (63) | 30 (55.6) |
| Insulin treatment, no. (%) | 2 (7.4) | 0 | 2 (3.7) |
Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. All differences between groups were insignificant.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HbA1c%, hemoglobin A1c%.
aThe average of the differences between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure over 24 hours.