Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in 4 groups of hypertensive patients according to plasma visfatin levels
| Quartile groups in plasma visfatin levels | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Q1 (n = 50) | Q2 (n = 50) | Q3 (n = 50) | Q4 (n = 50) | P value |
| Age (years) | 59±12a,b | 67±13c,d | 65±13c | 62±15a | 0.014 |
| Men | 35 (70%) | 34 (68%) | 32 (64%) | 37 (74%) | 0.749 |
| BMI | 25.2±3.7 | 25.1±3.4 | 24.9±3.3 | 25.0±3.3 | 0.978 |
| Current smoker | 6 (12%) | 8 (16%) | 8 (16%) | 8 (16%) | 0.815 |
| Lipid profile | |||||
| Total cholesterol | 202±48 | 198±37 | 196±33 | 196±37 | 0.824 |
| Triglyceride | 190±294 | 144±117 | 128±49 | 143±76 | 0.274 |
| HDL | 45±8 | 48±16 | 49±17 | 47±13 | 0.392 |
| LDL | 120±56 | 121±38 | 121±32 | 120±34 | 0.997 |
| Fasting glucose | 95±29 | 91±18 | 95±28 | 94±32 | 0.874 |
| Serum Cr | 1.02±0.23 | 1.04±0.27 | 1.01±0.38 | 1.03±0.29 | 0.955 |
| Uric acid | 7.0±1.5 | 6.6±1.4 | 6.7±1.5 | 6.6±1.5 | 0.463 |
| Initial eGFR | 87.8±30.3b,d | 84.4±25.4b | 73.7±23.0a,c | 76.3±18.6c | 0.015 |
| Systolic BP | 128±8 | 130±8 | 130±10 | 131±8 | 0.383 |
| FRS | 13.5±6.1 | 14.5±9.3 | 12.9±10.2 | 12.5±9.8 | 0.710 |
| hsCRP | 2.0±3.0 | 2.0±2.6 | 1.9±2.1 | 1.6±2.0 | 0.783 |
| Visfatin level (ng/ml) | 8.2±1.8a,b^ | 10.2±0.3b,c,d | 13.0±1.4a,c,d | 19.8±4.5a,b,c | <0.001 |
| Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD %) | 4.7±3.1 | 4.9±3.0 | 4.4±2.7 | 5.2±2.8 | 0.519 |
| Medications | |||||
| ACE-I/ ARB | 14 (28%) | 11 (22%) | 14 (28%) | 15 (30%) | 0.609 |
| CCB | 21 (42%) | 23 (46%) | 16 (32%) | 17 (34%) | 0.137 |
| Beta-blocker | 9 (18%) | 12 (24%) | 15 (30%) | 12 (24%) | 0.267 |
| Nitrates | 2 (4%) | 6 (12%) | 6 (12%) | 6 (12%) | 0.446 |
| Thiazides | 15 (30%) | 18 (36%) | 11 (22%) | 10 (20%) | 0.245 |
| Statin | 13 (26%) | 10 (20%) | 9 (18%) | 9 (18%) | 0.725 |
Conversion factors for units: Total cholesterol in mg/dl to mmol/l, ×0.02586; triglyceride in mg/dl to mmol/l, ×0.01129; LDL in mg/dl to mmol/l, ×0.02586; HDL in mg/dl to mmol/l, ×0.02586; fasting glucose in mEq/l to mmol/l, ×0.05551; Serum Cr in mg/dl to μmol/l, ×88.4; uric acid in mg/dl to μmol/l, ×59.48. Values are mean ± SD or number (%).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dl); LDL, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dl); Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2/year); BP, blood pressure (mm Hg); FRS, Framingham risk score (%); hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/l); ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker.
a P value < 0.05 in comparison to Q2 (post hoc test). b P value < 0.05 in comparison to Q3 (post hoc test). c P value < 0.05 in comparison to Q1 (post hoc test). d P value < 0.05 in comparison to Q4 (post hoc test).