Movie E1.

Download video file ^{(970.6KB, mp4)}

This animation visualizes pulmonary ventilation in a patient with COPD over the course of multiple wash-ins of imaging gas, thus providing an assessment of COPD pathophysiology during regular breathing activity. The temporal distribution of inhaled gas in this patient with COPD is clearly erratic. Several regions are completely unventilated after the first breath but gradually fill with gas in subsequent breaths, whereas other areas display the reverse trend. Spatiotemporal ventilation data of this sort cannot currently be produced with any other method, and they provide a rich source of information for efforts to phenotype COPD.