Table 4.

Summary of published articles on adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease

Author	Number of patients	Immunosuppression response category	ACTH preparation	Total dose (per week)	Duration of treatment (month)	Baseline proteinuria (g or g/g)	Baseline GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)	Baseline Cr (mg/dL)	Baseline serum albumin (g/dL)	CR	PR	NR	Relapse
Follow-up duration 6–12 months
Bomback et al. [5]	2	2 IR	Natural	160 U	6	4 (3.2–4.8)	120 (117–123)	0.65 (0.6–0.7)	3 (2.5–3.4)	0	1	1	1
Bomback et al. [4]	1	1 IR	Natural	160 U	4	18.6	15	NA	NA	0	0	1	0
Berg et al. [27]	1	1 SR	Synthetic	0.5–2 mg	7	9.6	NA	NA	NA	0	1	0	0
Total patients	4									0 (0%)	2 (50%)	2 (50%)	1 (25%)
Follow-up duration >12–24 months
Lorusso et al. [7]a	4	NA	Synthetic	1 mg	12	7.7 (3–13)	NA	NA	2.9 (1.7–3.4)	2	1	1	2
Hogan et al. [6]b	17	15 SR or SD, 2 naïve	Natural	160 U	16 (12–24)	4.6 (1.6–23.8)	47 (23–124)	1.5 (0.6–3.3)	3.2 (1.6–4.8)	2	3	12	2
Berg et al. [27]	1	1 SR	Synthetic	0.5–2 mg	2	3.9	NA	NA	NA	1	0	0	1
Total patients	22									5 (23%)	4 (18%)	13 (59%)	5 (23%)
Follow-up duration >24 months
Lorusso et al. [7]	1	NA	Synthetic	1 mg	12	3	NA	NA	2.4	0	1	0	0
Hogan et al. [6]	6	6 SD or SR	Natural	160 U	36 (28–56)	9.6 (2.3–15.2)	29 (17–67)	2.5 (1.1–3.6)	2.1 (1.3–2.9)	0	2	4	0
Berg et al. [27]	1	1 SR	Synthetic	0.5–2 mg	7	3.4	NA	NA	NA	0	1	0	0
Total patients	8									0 (0%)	4 (50%)	4 (50%)	0 (0%)

ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; CR, complete response; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IR, immunosuppression resistant (other than steroids); NA, data not available; naïve, never received immunosuppression; NR, no response; PR partial response; SD, steroid dependent; SR, steroid resistant.

Data presented as median and range;

^aone patient dropped out of the study (not included in the table);

^btwo patients received other immunosuppressive agents concomitant with ACTH.