Figure 5.

In vitro skin permeation test using ND–fluorescein and fluorescein.

Notes: Confocal scanning laser microscopy images to evaluate the skin permeation of ND–fluorescein in the porcine skin depending on time. ND–fluorescein and fluorescein alone appear green, and DAPI-stained nuclei appear blue: (A) ND–fluorescein and (B) fluorescein. The white bar indicates 50 µm. (C) The cumulative amount of fluorescein released across the excised porcine skin per unit surface area (µg/cm²) in the receptor chamber.

Abbreviations: ND–fluorescein, nanodiamond conjugated with fluorescein; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; h, hours.