Table S1.

Individual LDCT features

Individual LDCT features	Subjects with airflow obstruction (n=457 cases)	Subjects without airflow obstruction (n=914 controls)	P-value
Upper lung zone predominance	29	56	0.1
Upper middle lung zone predominance	17	41	0.07
Lower zone predominance	13	14	0.9
Diffuse	8	21	0.02
Traction bronchiectasis	2	11	0.0001
Honeycombing	–	2	N/A
Bilateral reticular opacities	7	13	0.4
Fluffy centrilobular nodules	23	72	<0.001
Bilateral ground glass opacities	11	4	0.02
Reticular opacities outlining emphysematous holes	8	2	0.001
Unilateral reticular opacities	6	–	N/A
Unilateral ground glass opacities	1	–	N/A

Abbreviations: ILA, interstitial lung disease; N/A, not applicable; LDCT, low-dose computed tomography.