Table 2.
Associations of patient and hospital characteristics with Alzheimer’s Disease status (1=Yes, 0=No) among the US inpatient older adult population: Multiple logistic regression models (Unweighted N=2,825,289; Weighted N=14,126,445), NIS 2012
| Unwt. N* | Wt. %±SE* 60+y, 2012 |
OR** | 95% CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 3,045,164 | 55.1±0.1 | 1.11 | (1.08;1.12) | <0.001 |
| Age group | 3,045,675 | ||||
| 60–64 | 503,657 | 16.4±0.1 | 1.00 | ||
| 65–69 | 531,122 | 17.3±0.1 | 2.01 | (1.87;2.17) | <0.001 |
| 70–74 | 490,935 | 16.0±0.0 | 4.82 | (4.50;5.16) | <0.001 |
| 74–79 | 470,935 | 15.4±0.0 | 10.09 | (9.44;10.78) | <0.001 |
| 80–84 | 452,445 | 14.9±0.0 | 16.54 | (15.47;17.68) | <0.001 |
| 85+ | 597,194 | 19.6±0.1 | 23.24 | (21.72;24.86) | <0.001 |
| Race | 2,889,484 | ||||
| 1=White | 2,232,525 | 77.3±0.5 | 1.00 | ||
| 2=Black | 312,331 | 10.8±0.3 | 1.47 | (1.42;1.53) | <0.001 |
| 3=Hispanic | 194,468 | 6.7±0.3 | 1.42 | (1.33;1.51) | <0.001 |
| 4=Asian/Pacific Islander | 58,023 | 2.0±0.1 | 1.08 | (0.99;1.17) | 0.08 |
| 5=Native American | 15,399 | 0.5±0.1 | 1.08 | (0.86;1.35) | 0.52 |
| 6=Other | 76,738 | 2.7±0.2 | 1.08 | (1.00;1.16) | 0.032 |
| Median HH income for zip code of patient | 2,985,656 | ||||
| 1st quartile | 873,930 | 29.3±0.5 | 1.00 | ||
| 2nd quartile | 754,442 | 25.3±0.4 | 0.92 | (0.88;0.95) | <0.001 |
| 3rd quartile | 710,554 | 23.8±0.3 | 0.96 | (0.92;0.99) | 0.016 |
| 4th quartile | 646,730 | 21.7±0.5 | 0.96 | (0.92;1.00) | 0.07 |
| Insurance status | 3,039,449 | ||||
| Medicare | 2,432,075 | 80.0±0.2 | 1.00 | ||
| Medicaid | 100,551 | 3.3±0.1 | 0.91 | (0.84;0.98) | 0.015 |
| Private insurance | 409,617 | 13.5±0.2 | 0.78 | (0.75;0.82) | <0.001 |
| Self-pay | 39,753 | 1.3±0.1 | 0.56 | (0.49;0.64) | <0.001 |
| No charge | 3,441 | 0.1±0.0 | 0.32 | (0.12;0.84) | 0.021 |
| Other | 54,012 | 1.8±0.1 | 0.86 | (0.78;0.94 | 0.001 |
| Admission day | 3,045,672 | ||||
| Weekday | 2,440,195 | 80.1±0.1 | 1.00 | ||
| Weekend | 605,477 | 19.9±0.1 | 1.10 | (1.08;1.12) | <0.001 |
| Co-morbidity | 3,045,675 | ||||
| Alcohol Abuse | 2.6±0.0 | 0.99 | (0.92;1.06) | 0.72 | |
| Deficiency Anemia | 22.0±0.1 | 0.98 | (0.96;1.00) | 0.041 | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular disease | 3.6±0.0 | 0.62 | (0.58;0.64) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic blood loss anemia | 1.3±0.0 | 0.83 | (0.78;0.88) | <0.001 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 13.8±0.1 | 0.89 | (0.87;0.91) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 23.7±0.1 | 0.78 | (0.77;0.80) | <0.001 | |
| Coagulopathy | 5.8±0.0 | 0.83 | (0.80;0.86) | <0.001 | |
| Depression | 11.7±0.1 | 1.67 | (1.63;1.71) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes, uncomplicated | 26.3±0.1 | 0.96 | (0.94;0.98) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes, complicated | 5.9±0.1 | 0.82 | (0.94;0.98) | <0.001 | |
| Drug abuse | 1.0±0.0 | 0.78 | (0.67;0.89) | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 69.3±0.1 | 0.86 | (0.85;0.89) | <0.001 | |
| Hypothyroidism | 16.8±0.1 | 1.02 | (1.00;1.04) | 0.027 | |
| Liver disease | 2.4±0.0 | 0.63 | (0.58;0.68) | <0.001 | |
| Lymphoma | 1.1±0.0 | 0.48 | (0.44;0.53) | <0.001 | |
| Fluid/electrolyte disorders | 29.5±0.1 | 1.25 | (1.22;1.27) | <0.001 | |
| Metastatic cancer | 3.0±0.0 | 0.33 | (0.30;0.35) | <0.001 | |
| Obesity | 10.8±0.0 | 0.48 | (0.46;0.50) | <0.001 | |
| Paralysis | 2.9±0.0 | 0.83 | (0.79;0.87) | <0.001 | |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 9.6±0.0 | 0.77 | (0.75;0.79) | <0.001 | |
| Psychoses | 3.7±0.0 | 2.59 | (2.47;2.71) | <0.001 | |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 3.2±0.0 | 0.71 | (0.68;0.74) | <0.001 | |
| Renal failure | 18.5±0.1 | 0.81 | (0.79;0.82) | <0.001 | |
| Non-metastatic cancer | 3.0±0.0 | 0.59 | (0.56;0.62) | <0.001 | |
| Peptic ulcer | 0.04±0.00 | 0.54 | (0.34;0.85) | <0.001 | |
| Valvular disease | 5.8±0.0 | 0.79 | (0.76;0.81) | <0.001 | |
| Weight loss | 6.4±0.0 | 1.26 | (1.22;1.30) | <0.001 | |
| Bed size | 3,045,675 | ||||
| Small | 458,999 | 15.1±0.3 | 1.00 | ||
| Medium | 801,171 | 26.3±0.4 | 1.02 | (0.96;1.09) | 0.51 |
| Large | 1,785,505 | 58.6±0.5 | 0.94 | (0.88;0.99) | 0.038 |
| Ownership of hospital | 3,045,675 | ||||
| Government, nonfederal | 321,524 | 10.6±0.3 | 1.00 | ||
| Private, non-profit | 2,275,706 | 74.7±0.4 | 1.01 | (0.96;1.09) | 0.72 |
| Private, investor-own | 448,445 | 14.7±0.3 | 1.10 | (1.02;1.19) | 0.017 |
| Location/teaching status | 3,045,675 | ||||
| Rural | 404,639 | 13.3±0.3 | 1.00 | ||
| Urban, non-teaching | 1,232,393 | 40.5±0.5 | 0.88 | (0.85;0.93) | <0.001 |
| Urban, teaching | 1,408,643 | 46.3±0.5 | 0.78 | (0.73;0.83) | <0.001 |
| Region of hospital | 3,045,675 | ||||
| Northeast | 612,680 | 20.1±0.4 | 1.00 | ||
| Midwest | 715,874 | 23.5±0.4 | 1.05 | (0.98;1.12) | 0.13 |
| South | 1,175,080 | 38.6±0.5 | 1.10 | (1.04;1.17) | 0.002 |
| West | 542,041 | 17.8±0.3 | 0.88 | (0.82;0.94) | <0.001 |
*
Sample sizes and % were based on data availability per covariate among older adults 60+y in the NIS 2012.
**
Odds ratios (OR) are estimated from a multiple logistic regression model with their 95% confidence interval (CI) and thus are multivariate-adjusted for all covariates included in the model. OR are interpreted as the odds of being AD among the exposed group(s) relative to the odds of being AD among the unexposed group (referent category), controlling for all other covariates in the model.