Figure 4. Normalization of SHP2 activity reduces T cell proliferation in MRL/lpr spleens.

(A) Representative flow cytometry of T cells (CD3⁺) and B cells (CD19⁺) isolated from spleens of 18-week-old WT, MpJ, and MRL/lpr female mice treated for 6 weeks with vehicle or 11a-1 (7.5 mg/kg/d). Quantification of the total number of (B) T cells and (C) B cells isolated from MRL/lpr spleens. n = 3–5 mice/group. (D) Representative flow cytometry of CD3⁺ gated T cells to identify T cell subsets: CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD4^–CD8^– cells in spleens from 18-week-old WT, MpJ, and MRL/lpr female treated with vehicle or 11a-1 for 6 weeks. (E) Quantification of T cell subsets in WT, MpJ, and MRL/lpr mouse spleens. n = 3–5 mice/group. T cells isolated from spleens of 18-week-old WT, MpJ, and MRL/lpr mice were cultured (1 × 10⁵ cells/well) in 96-well plates for 48 hours in the presence of vehicle (DMSO) or 11a-1 (10 μg/ml) and either in the presence or absence of T cell–activating antibodies CD3 and CD28 to determine (F) proliferation (change in total number of cells) and (G) viability (measure of cell death). n = 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.01; ^#P < 0.05, 2-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post-test when ANOVA was significant.