EXHIBIT 1.
Characteristics Of Dual-Eligible Medicare Enrollee Users And Geographically Matched Nonusers Of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs)
| Characteristic | Users | Nonusers |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years) | 59.7 | 64.6 |
|
| ||
| Male (%) | 39.8 | 38.8 |
| Metropolitan (%) | 73.6 | 85.2 |
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| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||
| White | 60.3 | 60.1 |
| Black | 23.4 | 23.1 |
| Asian | 4.0 | 5.4 |
| Hispanic | 9.0 | 8.0 |
| Other | 3.4 | 3.3 |
|
| ||
| Region (%) | ||
| Northeast | 19.9 | 16.3 |
| Midwest | 17.4 | 21.1 |
| South | 33.9 | 38.1 |
| West | 28.9 | 24.6 |
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| Mean distance from residence to FQHC (miles) | 2.4 | 3.7 |
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| Mean annual number of: | ||
| FQHC visits | 5.1 | 0.0 |
| Hospitalizations | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| ACS hospitalizations | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| ED visits | 1.5 | 1.1 |
| ACS ED visits | 0.2 | 0.2 |
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| ||
| Current reason for Medicare eligibility (%) | ||
| Elderly | 43.7 | 56.4 |
| Nonelderly disabled | 55.2 | 41.8 |
| End-stage renal disease | 1.1 | 1.8 |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of Medicare claims data for 2008–10. NOTES All differences between FQHC users (n = 1, 475, 617 person-years) and nonusers (n = 8, 793, 120 person-years) were significant (p < 0.01), as determined by two-sample t-tests for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square tests for categorical variables. ACS is ambulatory care sensitive. ED is emergency department.