. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Infect. 2015 Sep 10;71(6):690–693. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.08.007

Table 1.

Detection of influenza A viruses at the poultry-human interface, January 2011 – April 2015

	Retail LPMs^a				Wholesale LPMs^b				Poultry farms^c

	Flu A	H9	H7	No. swab	Flu A	H9	H7	No. swab	Flu A	H9	H7	No. swab
Jan–Dec, 2011	41.9%	13.3%	ND	444	0.0%	0.0%	ND	80	4.4%	4.4%	ND	138
Jan–Dec, 2012	29.4%	16.0%	ND	930	2.0%	0.0%	ND	148	0.9%	0.5%	ND	217
Jan–Dec, 2013	38.3%	20.1%	3.4%	2,008	5.7%	2.1%	0.0%	385	0.3%	0.3%	0.0%	396
Jan–Dec, 2014	32.7%	16.2%	7.8%	8,631	24.9%	15.4%	3.2%	1,661	0.7%	0.5%	0.0%	598
Jan–Apr, 2015^d	22.0%	11.9%	5.4%	9,880	31.5%	20.7%	6.2%	1,050	0.3%	0.3%	0.0%	369

LPM: live poultry market; ND, not determined.

Swabs were collected monthly at the retail LPMs from January 2011 – April 2015

Swabs were collected once every three months in 2011, once every other month in 2012, and monthly from January 2013 – April 2015 at the wholesale LPMs

Swabs were collected once every three months or once every other month from January 2011 to April 2013, and monthly from April 2013 – April 2015

Detection rates of influenza A and H7 in retail and wholesale LPMs are expected to be higher in this period, comparing to other time of the year