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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Apr 9;27:54–60. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.04.007

Table 4.

Annual change in neuropsychological test z-scores
Test Unadjusted beta (SE) Adjusted beta (95% CI)*
MCI-PD MCI-AD p-Value Group difference† p-Value
MMSE total −0.08 (0.04) −0.67 (0.13) <.001 0.61 (0.34, 0.88) <.001
Logical Memory Immediate 0.14 (0.06) −0.19 (0.03) <.001 0.34 (0.22, 0.46) <.001
Logical Memory Delayed 0.16 (0.05) −0.16 (0.03) <.001 0.33 (0.20, 0.45) <.001
Digit Span Forward −0.04 (0.03) −0.11 (0.02) 0.03 0.08 (0.01, 0.15) 0.02
Digit Span Backward −0.05 (0.03) −0.09 (0.02) 0.18 0.05 (-0.02, 0.13) 0.17
Animals list generation −0.13 (0.03) −0.17 (0.02) 0.45 0.03 (-0.05, 0.12) 0.42
Vegetables list generation −0.07 (0.04) −0.21 (0.03) 0.002 0.14 (0.05, 0.23) 0.003
Boston Naming Test −0.06 (0.04) −0.25 (0.06) <.001 0.21 (0.09, 0.33) <.001
Trail Making Test A‡ −0.13 (0.08) −0.25 (0.05) 0.20 0.12 (-0.06, 0.30) 0.19
Trail Making Test B‡ −0.06 (0.09) −0.22 (0.05) 0.19 0.15 (-0.07, 0.37) 0.18
Digit Symbol −0.01 (0.03) −0.13 (0.03) 0.01 0.12 (0.03, 0.20) 0.01
CDR sum of boxes (raw score)‡ −0.03 (0.06) −0.92 (0.11) <.001 0.88 (0.63, 1.12) <.001

Abbreviations: PD-MCI = mild cognitive impairment due to Parkinson's disease; AD-MCI = mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease; MMSE = Mini Mental State Exam; CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating

*

Adjusted for age at baseline (years), education (years), sex

†

An estimate >0 means that the PD-MCI participants performed better over time than the AD-MCI participants

‡

For the Trail Making Tests A and B and CDR sum of boxes, a higher score means worse performance; therefore, z-scores have been inverted to be consistent with the other tests, where a negative score means scoring worse than controls