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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cogn Neurosci. 2016 Mar 11;28(7):935–947. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00949

Figure 3. Effects of detection and distraction on target-related neural activity.

Figure 3

A) Detected Target, Missed Target and Nontarget ERP waves from a centroparietal ROI. To isolate target-related activity, as well as to subtract off the ongoing SSVEP activity overlapping on these event-related responses, we also calculated the difference waves between Detected Targets and Nontargets and Missed Targets and Nontargets. Targets that were behaviorally detected generated larger ERP responses than Targets that were ultimately missed. These effects were most evident in an early frontocentral positivity (130 to 300 ms, blue shading) and in a later large centroparietal positivity (P3 component, 325 to 600 ms, gray shading). Panel B) shows topographic scalp maps of the mean amplitudes extracted in these two latency windows for both Detected Targets minus Nontargets and Missed Targets minus Nontargets. Panel C) shows Detected Target minus Nontarget and Missed Target minus Nontarget difference waves from channel AFz and from a centroparietal ROI. For the P3 component, in addition to showing an effect of Detection, there was also an interaction between Detection and Bin, indicating the size of this component was also modulated by the timing of the distractor stimulus (see text for statistical details). Further analyses revealed that the P3 amplitude for Detected Targets minus Nontargets was unaffected by the timing of Distractors, but the P3 for Missed Targets minus Nontargets were smaller when Distractors onset 0 to 116 ms following Target onset (Bin 4). Panel D shows the ERP difference waves for Missed Targets minus Nontargets specifically for Bin 4 (dashed line) and for the average across the other five bins (solid line). Panel E) shows the mean amplitude from 325–600 ms for Detected Targets minus Nontargets (black bars) and Missed Targets minus Nontargets (pink bars). These data were categorized into the six Bins based on when a Distractor onset occurred relative to the onset of a Target. Error bars represent the between-subjects standard error around the mean.