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. 2016 Jun 1;10:233. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00233

Table 1.

Effects of metal-ions on aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression in the brain.

Metal Ion Experimental approach AQP4 expression Water permeability References
Mercury in vivo
Rat brain ↑mRNA
↑protein
Yukutake et al., 2008
in vitro
Xenopus oocytes Shi and Verkman, 1996
AQP4 cystein-residue mutants Yukutake et al., 2008
AQP4 reconstituted in proteoliposomes
Lead in vivo
Rat brain no changes
mRNA
Gunnarson et al., 2005
in vitro
Cultured astrocytes Gunnarson et al., 2005
Manganese in vitro
cultured astrocytes ↑protein in plasma membrane Rao et al., 2010
no changes mRNA
Zinc in vitro
AQP4.M23 proteolipossomes Yukutake et al., 2009
Iron in vivo
Rat brain ↑protein Qing et al., 2009
in vitro
cultured astrocytes ↑protein Wang et al., 2015

↑, Increased; ↓, Decreased.