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. 2016 May 26;18(5):307–316. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.04.001

Figure 5.

Figure 5

The working model of STAT3 and AvrA interaction in chronic intestinal Salmonella infected in colon cancer. Salmonella effector AvrA is secreted through the Salmonella Type Three Secretion System and persistently upregulates the STAT-3 signaling pathway. Several STAT3 target genes were upregulated by Salmonella expressing AvrA. β-catenin–STAT3 may co-regulate one another in a positive feedback loop, thus promoting proliferation and intestinal tumorigenesis.