Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of self-care adults and informal caregivers.
| Demographic characteristics | Frequency, n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 402a | n = 211b | n = 613c | |
| Location (states) | |||
| Pulau Pinang | 57 (14.2) | 28 (13.3) | 85 (13.8) |
| Perak | 50 (12.4) | 30 (14.2) | 80 (13.1) |
| Selangor | 45 (11.2) | 45 (21.3) | 90 (14.6) |
| Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur | 77 (19.2) | 17 (8.1) | 94 (15.3) |
| Negeri Sembilan | 58 (14.4) | 30 (14.2) | 88 (14.4) |
| Melaka | 57 (14.2) | 31 (14.7) | 88 (14.4) |
| Johor | 58 (14.4) | 30 (14.2) | 88 (14.4) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 128 (31.8) | 48 (22.7) | 176 (28.7) |
| Female | 274 (68.2) | 163 (77.3) | 437 (71.3) |
| Nationality | |||
| Malaysian | 402 (100) | 211 (100) | 613 (100) |
| Age | |||
| ≤35 | — | 49 (23.2) | 49 (8.0) |
| 35.1–45 | — | 37 (17.5) | 37 (6.0) |
| 45.1–55 | 66 (16.4) | 44 (20.9) | 110 (17.9) |
| 55.1–65 | 146 (36.3) | 45 (21.3) | 191 (31.2) |
| ≥65.1 | 190 (47.3) | 36 (17.1) | 226 (36.9) |
| Race | |||
| Malay | 141 (35.1) | 50 (23.7) | 191 (31.1) |
| Chinese | 240 (59.7) | 138 (65.4) | 378 (61.7) |
| Indian | 20 (5.0) | 21 (10.0) | 41 (6.7) |
| Portuguese | 1 (0.2) | — | 1 (0.2) |
| Orang Asli | — | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.3) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 38 (9.5) | 56 (26.5) | 94 (15.3) |
| Married | 260 (64.7) | 142 (67.3) | 402 (65.6) |
| Widowed | 96 (23.9) | 9 (4.3) | 105 (17.1) |
| Divorced | 8 (2.0) | 4 (1.9) | 12 (2.0) |
| Highest education level attained | |||
| No formal education | 47 (11.7) | 13 (6.2) | 60 (9.8) |
| Primary school | 131 (32.6) | 28 (13.3) | 159 (25.9) |
| Secondary school | 82 (20.4) | 23 (10.9) | 105 (17.1) |
| SPMd | 65 (16.2) | 37 (17.5) | 102 (16.6) |
| STPMe/diploma | 38 (9.5) | 39 (18.5) | 77 (12.6) |
| Degree | 32 (8.0) | 55 (26.1) | 87 (14.2) |
| Postgraduate | 7 (1.7) | 16 (7.6) | 23 (3.8) |
|
| |||
| Total | 402 (100) | 211 (100) | 613 (100) |
Notes: aself-care adult respondents; binformal caregiver respondents; cself-care adult and informal caregiver respondents; dSijil Pelajaran Malaysia or also known as Malaysian Certificate of Education examination is equivalent to O-Level qualification; eSijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia or also known as Malaysian Higher School Certificate examination which is equivalent to A-Level qualification.