Table 4.

Analysis of convergent validity of integrated model of age-friendly environment, active aging, and social connectedness.

Variables	Convergent validity
	Standardized factor loadings	Average variance extracted	Composite reliability	Cronbach's alpha
(1) Outdoor spaces and buildings		0.66	0.86	0.85
(a) Pavements are wide	0.78
(b) Traffic signals for crossing	0.84
(c) Recreational facilities	0.83
(2) Transportation and housing		0.67	0.86	0.86
(a) Accessible public toilets	0.84
(b) Accessible public transportation	0.84
(c) Free of pollution	0.78
(3) Community support and health services		0.84	0.94	0.94
(a) Physiotherapy services	0.92
(b) Affordable medical care	0.94
(c) Reachable health services	0.90
(4) Age-friendly environment		0.74	0.90	0.89
(a) Age-in-place	0.78
(b) Ease of services to be delivered	0.92
(c) Promote participation	0.88
(5) Active aging		0.64	0.83	0.80
(a) Satisfied with well-being	0.96
(b) Quality of life meets my expectation	0.86
(c) Life is good	0.51
(6) Social connectedness		0.74	0.90	0.89
(a) Disconnected from the world around me	0.80
(b) Distant from people	0.90
(c) Don't feel related to anyone	0.88

Note: values of average variance extracted and composite reliability are calculated manually through the below formulas: average  variance  extracted = ∑standardized  factor  loadings²/number  of  items; composite  reliability = ∑(standardized  factor  loadings)²/(∑(standardized  factor  loadings)² + (∑1 − standardized  factor  loadings²)).