Table 3.
Clinical and demographic variables: univariate and multivariate analyses of predictors of response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
| Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor and comparison | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P |
| Gender, binary: women v. men | 0.42 (0.17–0.99) | 0.048 | ||
| Age, continuous | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.83 | ||
| Age at onset, continuous | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | 0.35 | ||
| Bipolar disorder, no v. yes | 6.60 (1.05–41.7) | 0.04 | ||
| Melancholic, no v. yes | 1.13 (0.48–2.62) | 0.78 | ||
| Treatment-resistant depression, <2 v. ⩾2 trials | 0.39 (0.16–0.97) | 0.04 | ||
| Model 1 | 0.39 (0.15–1.00)a | 0.05a | ||
| Model 2 | 0.37 (0.15–0.91)b | 0.03b | ||
| Major depressive episode duration, <2 v. ⩾2 years | 0.43 (0.13–1.45) | 0.17 | ||
| Anxiety disorder, no v. yes | 1.03 (0.46–2.3) | 0.93 | ||
| Severe depression, no v. yes | 1.38 (0.64–3.0) | 0.4 | ||
| Electroconvulsive therapy use, no v. yes | 0.53 (0.05–5.82) | 0.61 | ||
| Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation use,c no v. yes | – | – | ||
| Therapies, no v. yes | ||||
| Tricyclic antidepressants use | – | – | ||
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors use | 1.40 (0.31–6.5) | 0.66 | ||
| Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors use | 1.53 (0.37–6.37) | 0.55 | ||
| Antidepressant use | 1.20 (0.33–4.4) | 0.77 | ||
| Anticonvulsant use | 3.64 (0.41–31.7) | 0.24 | ||
| Antipsychotic use | 1.45 (0.36–5.9) | 0.6 | ||
| Benzodiazepines use | 0.88 (0.31–2.5) | 0.81 | ||
| Lithium use | 2.03 (0.16–26.0) | 0.59 | ||
| Sertraline augmentation | 1.97 (0.7–5.54) | 0.19 | ||
| Drug free | 0.84 (0.32–2.2) | 0.71 | ||
a.
Results are from Model 1 that includes treatment-resistant depression and session duration.
b.
Results are for Model 2 that includes treatment-resistant depression and tDCS dose.
c.
We were not able to analyse repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) use as a predictor due to the low number of patients that received rTMS.