Figure 2.

AICAR inhibited cell proliferation and hydroxyproline secretion promoted by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. After fibroblasts were pretreated with AICAR and infected with CVB3 for 48 h (A) cell numbers were counted, and (B) 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and (C) hydroxyproline secretion were assessed. (D) In addition, cells were fixed, stained with propidium iodide, and analyzed for DNA content by flow cytometry (data were obtained from 15,000 events and represented as percentage of cells in the S phase). Data are the mean ± standard error of the mean (n=3). *P<0.05 vs. the control group; ^#P<0.05 vs. the CVB3 group. AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside.