Table 1.
Demographic data, pattern of diabetes treatment, and diabetic complications in oldest old diabetic patients
| Total patients (N =133) | Long-standing diabetes (N = 49) | Elderly-onset diabetes (N = 84) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 87.7 ± 3.0 | 87.2 ± 3.0 | 88.1 ± 2.9 | 0.083 |
| Female (%) | 94 (70.7 %) | 38 (77.6 %) | 56 (66.7 %) | 0.186 |
| DM duration (yrs) | 20.1 ± 11.1 | 29.3 ± 9.1 | 14.7 ± 8.3 | <0.001 |
| Age of onset (yrs) | 68.3 ± 11.5 | 57.8 ± 9.3 | 74.3 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Follow-up time (yrs) | 15.1 ± 7.8 | 18.3 ± 8.3 | 13.2 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 4.2 | 23.4 ± 4.0 | 23.5 ± 4.4 | 0.971 |
| Smoking status: | ||||
| -Never | 116 (87.2 %) | 45 (91.8 %) | 71 (84.5 %) | |
| -Ex-smokers | 15 (11.3 %) | 4 (8.2 %) | 11 (13.1 %) | |
| -Current | 2 (1.5 %) | 0 (0 %) | 2 (2.4 %) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| -Myocardial Infarction | 21 (15.8 %) | 10 (20.4 %) | 12 (14.2 %) | |
| -Stroke | 24 (18.0 %) | 10 (20.4 %) | 14 (16.7 %) | |
| -Peripheral arterial diseasea | 26 (23.4 %) | 9 (22.0 %) | 17 (21.3 %) | |
| -Chronic kidney disease | 73 (54.9 %) | 25 (51.0 %) | 48 (57.1 %) | |
| -Cancer | 8 (6.0 %) | 2 (4.1 %) | 6 (7.1 %) | |
| -Dementia | 30 (22.6 %) | 12 (24.5 %) | 18 (21.4 %) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||
| -Mild (1–2) | 29 (21.8 %) | 10 (20.4 %) | 19 (22.6 %) | |
| -Moderate (3–4) | 57 (42.9 %) | 21 (42.9 %) | 36 (42.9 %) | |
| -Severe (≥5) | 47 (35.3 %) | 18 (36.7 %) | 29 (34.5 %) | |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.7 ± 1.1 | 6.8 ± 1.0 | 6.7 ± 1.1 | 0.454 |
| Frequency of HbA1c testings (times per year) | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 0.714 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 16/65 ± 11 | 131 ± 16/64 ± 13 | 133 ± 15/67 ± 9 | 0.582 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 80 ± 29 | 81 ± 34 | 79 ± 26 | 0.779 |
| Diabetic retinopathy (%) b | 22 (23.4 %) | 14 (37.8 %) | 8 (14.0 %) | 0.014 |
| Pattern of diabetes treatment | ||||
| -Diet control alone | 17 (12.8 %) | 4 (8.2 %) | 13 (15.5 %) | 0.028 |
| -Oral hypoglycemic agents | 79 (59.4 %) | 23 (46.9 %) | 56 (66.5 %) | 0.031 |
| -Insulin therapy | 37 (27.8 %) | 22 (44.9 %) | 15 (18.0 %) | 0.013 |
aData were available in 111 patients
bData were available in 94 patients