Note: * p ≤ .05, ** p ≤ .01. PSI DC = Parenting Stress Index-Short Form Difficult Child, PSI PD = Parenting Stress Index-Short Form Parental Distress, PSI DI = Parenting Stress Index-Short Form Dysfunctional Interaction, BSI S = Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Somatization, BSI D = Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Depression, BSI A = Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Anxiety, APQ I = Alabama Parenting Questionnaire Involvement, APQ PP = Alabama Parenting Questionnaire Positive Parenting, CTS MA = Conflict Tactics Scale Minor Assault, CTS SA = Conflict Tactics Scale Severe Assault, CTS VSA = Conflict Tactics Scale Very Severe Assault.