Table 3.
Results of Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models Analysis Among Men and Women Between Disability and IGF-1 Levels
| IGF-1 Level | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||||
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Q1 (lowest) | 3.93 (1.94–7.95) | <.001 | 4.08 (2.16–7.70) | <.001 | 1.39 (0.65–2.94) | .395 | 2.18 (1.14–4.19) | .019 | 1.29 (0.60–2.75) | .514 | 1.98 (1.03–3.82) | .041 |
| Q2 | 2.38 (1.13–5.01) | .022 | 2.24 (1.14–4.42) | .019 | 1.35 (0.63–2.89) | .435 | 1.94 (0.98–3.83) | .058 | 1.32 (0.61–2.83) | .477 | 1.82 (0.92–3.62) | .086 |
| Q3 | 1.91 (0.90–4.05) | .090 | 1.27 (0.59–2.73) | .544 | 1.46 (0.68–3.10) | .330 | 1.25 (0.58–2.71) | .566 | 1.47 (0.69–3.15) | .210 | 1.10 (0.51–2.39) | .809 |
| Q4 (highest) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Notes: BMI = body mass index; CI: confidence intervals; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; HR: hazard ratio; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination. Model 1: crude model; Model 2: adjusted for age, BMI, medications used, number of chronic diseases (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes), years of education, sleep duration, habit of alcohol drinking and smoking, habit of physical exercise, and GDS; Model 3: MMSE score and gait speed added to Model 2.